Chapter 28: Reproductive system (Female reproductive system) (Lecture) Flashcards
Most important organ in both male & female reproductive system is the _________
gonad
What does the gonad do?
Organ that produces the gametes (sex cells) (in women it produces oocyte)
The ovary in women are _________
Paired, have a left & right ovary
What component makes up the structure of the ovary?
- Tunica albuginea (which is the outtermost layer, white surface of the ovary)
- Cortex (contains follicles )
- Medulla (contains the blood supply, & located in the inner layer, Where all oocytes are produced)
The ovary is connected by the ___________ ligament, which is a fetal remnant
Ovarian Ligament
The _____________ Ligament is also attached to the ovary & its important because it contains the ovarian blood supply
Suspensory Ligament
The ___________ is a broad ligament that is attached to the Uterus
Mesentery
The Uterus is also attached to the ___________ ligament which is also a fetal remnant
Round ligament
The ____________ ligament is a strong attachment between the Uterus and the sacrum
Uterosacral Ligament
Oocytes are ___________
Female gametes
The developmental process of oocytes is called _____________
Oogenesis (formation of oocytes)
Forming oocytes the process begins in the females _________
Fetus (primary oocytes, starts meiosis)
At the end of prophase 1 of meiosis, there is about _______- oocytes
1.5 M at birth
By puberty, there are about __________ oocytes
400,000
Oocyte are surrounded by _________ cells which support the oocytes
Follicular cells
What are some other functions of the Follicular cells do for the oocytes?
Secrete estrogen ( changes urine linging)
Primary follicles are surrounded by __________ cells which make the outer lining for it & its function is to produce _________
Granulosa cells, estrogen
When primary follicles mature they become ____________ follicles
secondary follicles
secondary follicles contain many layer of Granulosa cells, & have a fluid filled space surrounded by Granulosa cells called ___________
Antrum
Secondary follicles will later become __________ follicles
Mature follicles
What are the different names for mature follicles?
Vesicular follicle & Grafian follicle
How can you distinguish a mature follicle?
Has alot of antrum in it
A mature follicle is a ___________ oocyte which has finished meiosis 1
Secondary oocyte
Follicle cells that stay behind form what?
Corpus luteum (yellow body, No oocyte (after ovulation))
What is the function of the Corpus luteum?
Secretes progesterone & estrogen
What is the function of progesterone in the Corpus luteum?
Maintain uterine lining for possible implantation
If there is no implantation the corpus luteum later degenerates & becomes ______________
Corpus albicans
When a Corpus albicans forms what happens?
corpus luteum break down & become a scar tissue
_____________ conducts the eggs from the ovary to the uterus
Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes)
The __________ is nearest to the ovary but not attached to the ovary
Infundibulum
The ___________ are finger like-folds that are part of the Infundibulum
Fimbriae
What is the function of the Fimbriae?
Guide oocytes to urterine tube
Ampulla is known as an _____________ region (its after the infundibulum)
expanded
What is the importance of the Ampulla?
Its typically the site of fertilization
Where is the Isthmus located at?
Medial to the Ampulla
The uterine part of the uterine tube is ________________
Is continuous with the wall of the uterus
Within the uterine tubes, the __________ is folded
Mucosa
The Mucosa folds are covered with what tissue type?
Simple columnar epithelium & they are ciliated to transport oocytes to the uterus
______________ is also located in the walls of the uterine tube which participates in peristalsis, which also moves the oocyte toward the uterus
Muscularis
What is the uterus’s main function?
Maintains pregnancy
Describe how the uterus looks
Its a thick wall muscular organ
Describe the location of the uterus
Its anterosuperiorly orientated, superior to the bladder & its located in the pelvic cavity
What are the main regions of the uterus?
- Fundus (top-dome looking part)
- Body (main part of the uterus)
- Cervix (inferior part of the uterus)
The outermost layer of the uterus is called ___________
Perimetrium
What tissue type is the Perimetrium? & is continuous with ___________ ligament
A serous membrane & is also continuous with the broad ligament of the uterus
___________ is the muscular layer of the uterus that functions in labor contractions
Myometrium
The ____________ is the innermost layer of the uterus
Endometrium
The very innermost layer of the Endometrium is ___________
Mucosa (thick layer)
Deep in you have _____________
Uterine glands
The Endometrium has what two layers?
- Basal layer (doesnt change in thickness)
- Functional layer (changes alot, it grows (thickens) or sheds depending on the menstrual cycle
(caused by the level of estrogen & progesterone in the body)
Describe the vagina
It’s a thick-walled muscular tube (also known as the birth canal)
What is the function of the vagina?
Its the female copulatory organ
What is the lining of the vagina made of?
Muscoa
The mucosa in the vagina is made up of what?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Where is the breast located at?
On the anterior side of the thoracic wall
What are the breasts composed of?
Composed of fat & glandular tissue
The breast is supported by the ____________ ligament
Suspensory ligament (Anchor to pectoralis major)
What type of glands are in the center of the breast? and what does it do?
Mammary glands (they are divided into lobes that have alveoli that are the functional unit for producing milk)
_________ proliferate
during/after pregnancy, which causes the boobs to grow & shrink after
Alveoli
Alveoli are connected to ________ ducts which drains the lobes (conduct the milk towards the nipple)
Lactiferous ducts
_________ sinuses sit just below the nipple, are just a holding space for the milk
Lactiferous sinuses (most milk is produce on demand, not rlly stored)
