Information processing

Question 1

what is information processing?

Answer 1

the process of taking account of the sporting environment and then making a decision prior to the execution of a skill

Question 2

DCR

Answer 2

Detect - the important info
Compare - previous experiences
Recognise - how to create best outcome

memory is very important as it allows us to learn new skills and apply DCR

Question 3

what are the 3 memory stores

Answer 3

• sensory memory
• short term memory
• long term memory

ensuring skills can be learnt, refined and adapted

Question 4

general information processing model

Answer 4

input -> decision making -> outcome -> feedback (then repeated)

Question 5

explain the components of the general information processing model

Answer 5

input:
- absorbing information from all 5 senses
- information coded by the receptors
external input = sight, audio
internal input = balance, touch, kinesthetics

decision making (selective attention):
- filtering out the non important stimuli to identify on the main stimuli
- high level athletes are better at selective attention than novices
- result of selective attention leads to decision of action
- how successful it is, is based on past experiences
[ - working memory model takes action ]

output:
- once made decision, physical action takes place
- success depends on if correct information was stored
- effector mechanisms (nerves) induce the movement by electrical impulses to muscles

feedback:
- allows learning from success or failure
- can be internal or external feedback (which one is most affective depends on athletes level)
- weakness can be identified and improved on

Question 6

working memory model - baddely + hitch

Answer 6

consists of 4 components:

central executive connects to:
- phonological loop
- visuospatial sketchpad
- episodic buffer
which all then feed into the long term memory

Question 7

explain the components of the working memory model

Answer 7

central executive:
- takes action when making a decision
- allows selective attention to occur
- stores information from environment collected from input
- only has a limited store capacity

phonological loop:
- auditory component (collecting information from what we hear)
- phonological store in the inner ear
- articulatory control system is our inner voice
- with verbal guidance helps produce a memory trace

visuospatial sketchpad:
- visual component
- creates an image in our head from vicarious experiences to aid decision
- retrieves from the long term memory
- has a limited capacity

episodic buffer:
- encodes short term memory to long term memory and retrieves from long term memory
- provides timing and order of how decision is made by coordinating all information from audio, visual and spacial into sequences
- allows it all to make sense

long term memory:
- stores movement into motor programs or…
- compares to other motor programs to select appropriate skill required