Industrial and post industrial britain 1780-1900 Flashcards
SPORTS AND SOCIETY
developments that were done during this time:
- association football
- lawn tennis
- track and field events
- wenlock olympic games
9 factors affecting the emergence of sport during this era
- changing role of women
- class system performers
- education
- the church
- transport and communication
- national governing bodies (NGBs)
- urbanisation
- industrial revolution (through factories)
- public schools
how did the changing role of women affect emergence of sport?
- opportunities in sport improved by the end of the century
- opportunities are still limited (only certain sports that required loss physical exertion accepted women)
- lawn tennis was played by women but they were required to play in a ‘ladylike’ manner (in long dresses, modest manner)
how did the class system performers affect emergence of sport?
Professionals:
- lower class
- classified as ‘professionals’ as they need to be paid to participate (to cover expenses)
- opportunities to compete were limited by the amateurs
- only best professionals had opportunities to play
middle-class emergence:
- introduced: broken time payments, stricter rules, leagues, competitions, facilities, equipment
- became agents and managers for the professionals
amateurs:
- upper class (who could afford to play)
- set up competitions with excluded professionals
- set up clubs with membership fees
- took part as spectators while placing bets on professionals
how did education affect emergence of sport?
- limited to the middle class and upper class
- education acts in 1870 and 1891 helped opportunities for lower class education
- increased educational provisions, increasing literacy
- schools and universities taught discipline and ethics (making them transferable into sports)
- increasing participation and inclusion
how did the church affect emergence of sport?
- promoted sport for a more civilised society and stronger christian values
- allowed them to use church facilities (to promote attendance to church service attendance)
- formation of church teams (sunday league)
- wenlock olympic games created to promote moral across lower class society
how did transport and communication affect emergence of sport?
- participants were able to travel to fixtures
- developed more organised sports with regular fixtures
- people became more literate, understanding game rules
- results and sports news was included in the newspapers
- allowed reporting of sport icons, communicate a positive influence of sport
- spectators of all classes were able to follow their teams via newspaper or watch them play
how did the NGBs affect emergence of sport?
they provided more organisation as sport became more popular:
(when sport was called national recreation)
- codified rules
- increase number of teams
- increase of organised fixtures and leagues
- need to control amateur status of sport
- stop it being too commercialised
the outcome of their organisations:
(sport now called rational recreation)
- was regular
- had codified rules
- include amateurs and professionals
- included regional, national and international fixtures
- more respected and fair play
- had purpose based facilities
how did urbanisation affect emergence of sport?
- long working hours for working class; gradually improved as factories began to recognise the value of sport on health and productivity
- lack of space; purpose based facilities were created, allowing people to play during free time (saturday half day fro sport)
- large working population; increased need of entertainment, spectatorship began
- traditional mob sports were banned
how did the industrial revolution and factories affect emergence of sport?
people migrated to towns and cities searching for work lead to;
- reduced numbers living in countryside
- lack of space to play mob football
- lack of income and long working hours
- poor health due to factories conditions
at end of century, factories began to understand importance of sport;
- factories created own football teams and allowed people to compete
- allowed Saturday half days to play football with broken down payments
- better law and order encouraging civilised sport society
- sports facilities provided by factory owners
4 things that happened in public schools which influenced sport
- only middle and upper classes attended school
- required fees to attend
- promotion and organisation
-> headmasters promoted sports as a form of social control for unruly boys
-> taught valuable lessons - promotion of ethics
->participation was expected to display sportsmanship
-> must take part in a fair manner - cult of athleticism
-> athleticism promoted to provide boys with stronger morals
-> allowed them to develop morals through sporting endeavours
-> track and field events - spread and export of games
-> public school boys left to attend uni, work in army, own a business, work in schools and set up national governing bodies
-> they promoted sport that they played in school which lead to formation of national leagues and competitions across british empire
