inate immunity

Question 1

what are the physical primary’s defences?

Answer 1

• blood clots
• cilia
• mucus
• skin

Question 2

what are the chemical primary defence?

Answer 2

• stomach acid
• sweat
• lysomes in tears

Question 3

what and when is the secondary defence activated?

Answer 3

• when pathogens get through primary defence and their antigens are identified as foreign
• immune system is activated causing chemical eg. inflammation and biological eg. WBC responses

Question 4

6 stages of inflammation:

Answer 4

1. WBC specifically Basophils detect non-self cells
2. Histamine is released
3. Vasodilation
4. capillaries walls become more permeable to WBC
5. plasma and WBC leak out into tissue fluid
6. triggers special immune response

Question 5

what are the 5 types of white blood cells?

Answer 5

• lymphocytes/natural killers
• Eosinophil
• mast cells
• Basophil
• phagocytes

Question 6

what are the 2 types of phagocytes and what do they do?

Answer 6

• neutrophils: engulf pathogens through phagocytosis and have a multi lobed nucleus
• macrophages: engulf dead cells and have a round large nucleus

Question 7

what do Basophils do?

Answer 7

release histamine and heparin trigger atmah and hay fever
have a c shaped nucleus

Question 8

what does a lymphocyte/natural killer do?

Answer 8

bind to antigens to help remove them
they have a round nucleus

Question 9

what are the 2 types of lymphocytes and where are they found?

Answer 9

B-cells and T-cells
concentrated in the lymphatic system

Question 10

what do Eosinophil do?

Answer 10

they move to inflamed areas and trap pathogens then release enzymes to fight against allergies,parasitic worms

Question 11

what do mast cells do?

Answer 11

they detect microorganisms and non self cells, trigger innate inflammation and involved in the first line of defence

Question 12

where are mast cells found?

Answer 12

in the epithelial cells and mucous