blood and blood vessels

Question 1

what are the 4 layers in veins and arteries and their function?

Answer 1

(starting from the first layer that surrounds the lumen)
1. endothelium: reduces friction
2. elastic fibres: stretch and recoil
3. smooth muscles: contract and relax
4. collagen fibres: strength

Question 2

what has a wider lumen veins or arteries?

Answer 2

veins

Question 3

why is smooth muscle so important in arteries?

Answer 3

regulates pressure surges by controlling BP through contracting or relaxing

Question 4

what is angina?

Answer 4

chest pain

Question 5

how is a capillaries adapted to its function?

Answer 5

• only 2 layers so there is a short diffusion path allowing it to do its job of delivering nutrients like amino acids and oxygen into blood and removing waste like carbon dioxide out of blood
• thin lumen mean that when RNC travel there the vessel they press up against the wall allowing for quick efficient diffusion of oxygen to the haemoglobin

Question 6

where can capillaries be found?

Answer 6

they surround every cell so they can respire

Question 7

what is hypotension?

Answer 7

• low BP when ur BO is lower than 90/60

Question 8

what is hypertension?

Answer 8

• high BP when its over 140/90

Question 9

what is the average BP?

Answer 9

120/80 mmHg (mm of mercury)

Question 10

why are arterioles so important?

Answer 10

the reduce BP

Question 11

what is a small vein called?

Answer 11

venule

Question 12

what is the scientific word for a red and white blood cell?

Answer 12

• RBW: erythrocytes
• WBC: leukocyte

Question 13

what are the steps to a blocked artery?

Answer 13

1. fat begins to build up in the artery wall
2. it eventually breaks through the wall seeping out into the lumen
3. RBW,WBA and other components of blood attach to the fat causing a rough surface and eventually fully blocking the artery