carbohydrates

Question 1

what is the general formula for a carbohydrate?

Answer 1

(CH2O)n
6 carbon = 12 hydrogen = 6 oxyegn

Question 2

how many units are monosaccharides made of, what is their function and what are the 3 examples?

Answer 2

• 1 unit
• they are an energy source
• examples: fructose, glucose, galactose

Question 3

how many units are disaccharides made of, what is their function and what are the 3 examples?

Answer 3

• 2 units (chain of 2 monosaccharides)
• used for transport
• examples: lactose, surcose, maltose

Question 4

what monosaccharides are these disaccharides made from:
- lactose
- surcose
- maltose

Answer 4

• lactose= galactose + glucose
• sucrose= fructose + glucose
• maltose= glucose + glucose

Question 5

how many units are polysaccharides made of, what is their function and what are the 3 examples?

Answer 5

• many units
• used for storage
• examples: cellulose, glycogen, starch

Question 6

what are the function of the polysaccharides?

Answer 6

• cellulose is used for structure in plants
• glucagon is used to store glucose for respiration/ energy in animals
• starch is used to store glucose/ energy in animals

Question 7

how are the polysaccharides adapted to their function?

Answer 7

• cellulose is made of beta-glucose so has no chains and therefore can form compact parallel lattices with hydrogen and glycosidic bonds which give high tensile strength
• glycogen has many branches so many ends which means there are a-lot more places where glucose can be removed for respiration and because it coils it is very compact so can store more
• starch has branches and coils so can provide energy and doesnt effect water levels in cells so can be stored in small spaces in large quanities

Question 8

how does celluloses provide strength in plant cell walls?

Answer 8

celluloses chains join together to for microfibrils, these join to a mass of around 400 to form marcofibrels which then embed into pectin to form a cell wall and to add extra strength they are criss crossed

Question 9

what are the 2 types of polysaccharides?

Answer 9

homopolysacharides: made of the same sugar
hetropolysacharide : made of 1 or more different sugars

Question 10

what is glycogenolysis?

Answer 10

the breaking down of glycogen to release glucose to increase blood sugar levels

Question 11

what enzyme’s are involved in glycogenolysis?

Answer 11

• glucose phosphorylase
• glycogen debranching enzyme