cells overview and magnification Flashcards
what are all the organelle in a eukaryotic cell?
- nucleus
- nucleolus
- nuclear envelope
- cytoplasm
- mitochondria
- vesicles
- lysomes
- centrosomes
- plasma membrane
- 80s ribosomes
- Golgi apparatuses
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
whats the function and structure of the Golgi apparatus?
structure: stack of membrane-bound, flattened sacs
function: modifies and packages proteins and lipids
whats the function and structure of the RER?
structure: network of membrane-bound flattened sacs ribbed with 80s ribosomes
function: synthesise and transport proteins
whats the function and structure of the SER?
structure: network of membrane bound flattened sacs
function: synthesis and store lipids and carbohydrates
whats the function and structure of the ribosomes?
structure: two small subunits, with no membrane
function: site of protein synthesis
whats the function and structure of the cytoplasm?
structure: thick, gelatinous, semitransparent fluid
function: maintains cell shape and stores chemicals for metabolic reactions
whats the function and structure of the plasma membrane?
structure: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
function: selectively permeable regulates transport of material in an out of cell and separate contents of the cell from the outside environment
whats the function and structure of the nuclear envelope?
structure: surrounds the nucleus and is a porous membrane
function: separates a nuclear plasm from the cytoplasm
whats the function and structure of the mitochondria?
structure: is double membrane bound, inner membrane forms cristea and central party is called the matrix
function: site of aerobic respiration
whats the function and structure of the vesicles?
structure: small membrane bound spherical sacs of fluid
function: transport mater to where it needs to be
whats the function and structure of the centrosomes?
structure: made from 2 small microtubules called centrioles and a complex of proteins fibers
function: form spindle fibres during cell division
whats the function and structure of the lysomes ?
structure: small circle, membrane-bound sac containing a hydrolytic enzymes, there a special type of Golgi vesicles
function: break down material
whats the function and structure of the nucleus?
structure: contains chromatin and the nucleolus
function: controls and regulates cellular activity and houses genetic material
whats the function and structure of the nucleolus?
structure: dense spherical structure
function: synthesises, RNA and ribosomes to make DNA
What are the three types of microscopes?
light microscope
Transmission electron microscope
Scanning, electron microscope
what is the magnification and resolution for a TEM?
mag: 500,000-2,000,000
res: 0.2-5
what is the magnification and resolution for a SEM?
mag: 100,000-500,000
res: 3-10nm
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What is the magnification and resolution for a light microscope?
mag: 1500-2000
res: 200nm
What is the definition of magnification?
Magnification is how much bigger an image appears compared to the object
What is the definition of resolution?
Resolution is the ability to distinguish two objects that are close together
how do you convert measurements?
- when getting smaller eg. km to m you x1000
- when getting bigger eg. mm to m you divide by 1000
what is the equation triangle from magnification ?
I (image)
A (actual) M (magnification)
What is the average size of a eukaryotic cell?
approximately 10-100 micro metres
How would you classify a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelle
How would you classify a prokaryotic cell?
Are you single celled organism with no nucleus, and no membrane bound organelle
What are some examples of prokaryotic cells?
bacteria, fungi and algal
What’s the main difference between a plant and fungal cell?
fungal cells have no chloroplast ans their cells are made of chitin not cellulose
what are the three thing plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
Vacuole
Chloroplast for photosynthesis
A cell wall made of cellulose
sate a pro and con for each microscope
- TEM: show cross section of cell so all the organelle but only in 2D
- SEM: show image in 3D but only the surface of the cell
- light: object can be alive and images aee in colour but the mag and res is lower
