Cellular injury and repair

Question 1

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 1

It’s a growth of a cell in numbers due to more frequent cell division

Question 2

What is hyper trophy?

Answer 2

The increase in size of cells

Question 3

What is atrophy?

Answer 3

The decrease in size or number of cells due to lack of movement

Question 4

what is metaplasia?

Answer 4

The change in cell type from one differentiated cell to another

Question 5

Why does swelling occur when injured?

Answer 5

The body brings more WBC via blood to the affected area which increases hydrostatic pressure, pushing more tissue fluid out into the body

Question 6

what gets released when we damage out blood vessels?

Answer 6

clotting factors

Question 7

what is the bodies first response/ to damaged of soft tissue?

Answer 7

1. inflamation
2. bruising

Question 8

what causes bruising and pain?

Answer 8

burst blood vessels that increase pressure and inflammation causing pain

Question 9

what is a hematoma?

Answer 9

a localised bleed caused by damaged to capillaries due to trauma

Question 10

what are the 3 stages if blood clotting?

Answer 10

1. blood vessels wall break, thrombocyte: disintegrated and release the hormone thromboplastin which converts a protein in the blood called prothrombin into an active enzyme thrombin (in calcium is present) the platelets become sticky and bind to site of injury
2. thrombin changed fibrinogen into fibrin which is insoluble and firms a netlike covering across the damaged vessel
3. as blood trues ti flow through the components get trapped and form a clot which then dries and hardens to form a scab and once healed the clot will naturally dissolve

Question 11

what are 2 heath consequences to tissue injury?

Answer 11

• ischemia: caused by restricted blood supply to tissue causing hypoxia or anoxia and if untreated can lead to cell death and brain damage
• necrosis: when trauma causes unregulated digestion of cellular components resulting in premature cell death resulting in loss of cell memory integrity and therefore uncontrolled release of product of cell

Question 12

how is the sodium potassium pump involved in cell swelling?

Answer 12

It stops pumping sodium ions out so there is an inbalanced in ion concentration it causes water to move in by osmosis into the cell

Question 13

what is hypoxia?

Answer 13

deficiency in oxygen

Question 14

what is anoxia?

Answer 14

absence or severe deficiency of oxygen