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Pharm Midterm 1 > Hypertensive Emergencies > Flashcards

Hypertensive Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hypertensive crisis

A

DBP > 120 leading to vascular injury and organ damage

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2
Q

What is a hypertensive emergency

A

Severe HTN with damage to brain, CVS, kidneys

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3
Q

What is hypertensive urgency

A

Very high HTN w/o damage to organs

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4
Q

Causes of Hypertensive emergency

A 
Essential HTN
Renal parenchymal or renovascular disease
Eclampsia
Pheochromocytoma
Drugs
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5
Q

How much should BP be reduced in first hour

A

25%

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6
Q

What can happen with abrupt BP reduction

A

MI
Stroke
Visual changes

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7
Q

DOC Hypertensive emergency

A

Sodium Nitroprusside

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8
Q

What are the drugs used in hypertensive crisis

A 
Sodium Nitroprusside
Labetalol
Fenoldopam
Nicardipine
Nitroglycerine
Diazoxide
Phentolamine
Esmolol
Hydralazine
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9
Q

DOC pt with cardiac ischemia, angina or post cardiac bypass

A

Nitroglycerine

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10
Q

DOC pt with pheochromocytoma episode

A

Phentolamine

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11
Q

DOC pt with eclampsia

A

Hydralazine

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12
Q

Used for aortic dissection or post-op HTN

A

Esmolol

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13
Q

Does not cause reflex tachycardia

A

Labetalol

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14
Q

Safe in pts with renal insufficiency

A

Fenoldopam

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15
Q

Ca channel blocker

A

Nicardipine

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16
Q

What do you give with Sodium Nitroprusside

A

Beta blocker (for reflex tachycardia)

17
Q

Why is Fenoldopam safe in renal insufficiency

A

Maintains renal perfusion as it lowers BP

18
Q

Shortest to Longest half life

A 
Sodium Nitroprusside
Nitroglycerin
Fenoldopam
Nicardipine
Labetalol
Diazoxide
19
Q

Contraindications for Labetalol

A

COPD, Asthma
2nd or 3rd AV block
Bradycardia

20
Q

Contraindication for Fenoldopam

A

Glaucoma

21
Q

Can cause reflex tachycardia

A

Sodium Nitroprusside
Nicardipine
Diazoxide

22
Q

Can cause Hypotension

A

Sodium Nitroprusside

Diazoxide

23
Q

Can cause Cynide Toxicity

A

Sodium Nitroprusside

24
Q

Treat CN toxicity in Sodium Nitroprusside

A

Sodium Thiosulfate

25
Q

How is Sodium Nitroprusside administered

A

IV ONLY

26
Q

Only causes arteriolar dilation

A

Fenoldopam

Diazoxide

27
Q

Causes arteriolar and venous dilation

A

Nitroglycerin

28
Q

May cause Na and water retention

A

Diazoxide

29
Q

Causes vascular SM relaxation

A

Nicardipine

30
Q

Promotes natriuresis

A

Fenoldopam

31
Q

How does Diazoxide cause arteriolar dilation

A

Prevents vascular SM contraction by opening K channels

32
Q

What can be used to treat hypoglycemia in insulinoma and how

A

Diazoxide inhibits insulin release

33
Q

Action of Sodium Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilation and Venodilation

Pharm Midterm 1 (36 decks)

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