Asthma and Resp Flashcards
What are the 3 categories of resp drugs
Bronchodilators
Anti-Inflammatories
Cough and rhinitis
What are the short acting beta 2 agonists
Albuterol
Pirbuterol
Terbutaline
Metaproterenol
What are the long acting beta 2 agonists
Salmeterol
Formeterol
What are the non-specific beta agonists
Epinepherine
Isoproterenol
What is the non-specific beta agonist that is not inhalable
Isoproterenol
What is the Methylxanithine derivative
Theophylline
What does Theophylline do
PDE inhibitor
Blocks adenosine receptors
What are the muscarinic antagonists
Ipratropium
Tiotropium
What are the mast cell stabilizers
Cromolyn
Nedocromil
What inhaled steroids are used for chronic asthma
Beclomethasone
Fluticasone
Flunisolide
Budesonide
What are the IV steroids
Dexamethasone
Prednisolone
Hydrocortisone
Which LT antagonist inhibits LOX
Zileuton
Which LT antagonist are LTD4 antagonists
Zafirlukast
Montelukast
Which resp drug is an antibody
Omalizumab
What are the opiods
Codeine
Dextromethorphan
What is the Mycolytic agent
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
1st gen H1 antagonists
Diphenhydramine
Chlorpheniramine
2nd gen H1 antagonists
Loratadine
Fexofenadine
Cetirizine
What are the alpha agonists
Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine
What is the action of adrenergic agonists
Increase cAMP
Bronchial SM relaxation
DOC acute relief of bronchospasms
Short acting beta 2
What are long acting beta 2 agonists used mainly for
Prophylaxis
What do you give to asthma with anaphylactic shock or when other drugs failed
Epinepherine
Which is primarily used in heart block and bradycardia (beta 1)
Isoproterenol
Why does inhalation of beta 2 agonists minimize AE
Poor absorption through lungs
What are the beta 2 AE
Tremor
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Tolerance
How does Theophylline cause bronchodilation
Block cAMP metabolism
Effect of CYP inducers/inhibitors on Theophylline effect
Inducers decrease
Inhibitors increase
Theophylline AE
Seizures and Arrhythmias
Tremor, insomnia, GI
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
What is the action of muscarinic antagonists
Block parasympathetics
Decrease bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion
When do you give Ipatropium
Drug induced bronchospasm
Tx of Asthma in COPD
Ipatropium AE
Dry mouth
Sedation
What is the long acting muscarinic antagonist
Tiotropium
How do corticosteroids act
Inhibit PLA2
Bind glucose response elements
When are inhaled steroids given
Maintain inflammation supression
Given for severe attacks (status asthmaticus)
Systemic steroids
What can be used to treat chronic rhinitis
Beclomethasone
Flunisolide
Inhaled corticosteroid AE
Cough
Oral thrush
Dysphonia
IV steroid AE
Abnormal glucose metab
Increase appetite and weight gain
HTN
Adrenal supression
How do LT antagonists act
Block LT synth or LT receptors
Decrease constriction and inflammation
When do you give LT antagonists
Exercise, Ag, or Aspirin-induced asthma
Chronic maintenance
What are LT antagonists NOT useful for
Acute bronchospasm
Zileuton AE
Increase LFTs
Lukast AE
Vasculitis with EOS (similar to Churg-Strauss)
How does Omalizumab work
Bind IgE on sensitized mast cells
Prevent mediator release
When do you give Omalizumab
Asthma prophylaxis when inhaled corticosteroids don’t work (> 12yrs age)
What is the AE for Omalizumab
Anaphylaxis
How do opioids act as antitussives
Depress CNS cough center sensitivity to peripheral stimuli (low dose)
When are opioids administered
Severe cough that disrupts sleep
What is the benefit of using Dextromethophan over codeine
No analgesic or addictive potential
Less constipating
How does NAC work
Break disulfides in mucus
Easier to cough it out
When is NAC administered
CF
Acetaminophen OD
When are H1 antagonists administered
Allergic rhinitis
What do alpha agonists do
Constrict dilated arterioles
How is the alpha agonist effect different when aerosol
Rapid onset
Few systemic side effects
When are alpha agonists administered
Rhinitis
What is the effect of prolonged alpha agonist use
Rebound nasal congestion after discontinuation
