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Pharm Midterm 1 > Asthma and Resp > Flashcards

Asthma and Resp Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 categories of resp drugs

A

Bronchodilators
Anti-Inflammatories
Cough and rhinitis

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2
Q

What are the short acting beta 2 agonists

A

Albuterol
Pirbuterol
Terbutaline
Metaproterenol

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3
Q

What are the long acting beta 2 agonists

A

Salmeterol

Formeterol

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4
Q

What are the non-specific beta agonists

A

Epinepherine

Isoproterenol

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5
Q

What is the non-specific beta agonist that is not inhalable

A

Isoproterenol

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6
Q

What is the Methylxanithine derivative

A

Theophylline

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7
Q

What does Theophylline do

A

PDE inhibitor

Blocks adenosine receptors

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8
Q

What are the muscarinic antagonists

A

Ipratropium

Tiotropium

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9
Q

What are the mast cell stabilizers

A

Cromolyn

Nedocromil

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10
Q

What inhaled steroids are used for chronic asthma

A

Beclomethasone
Fluticasone
Flunisolide
Budesonide

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11
Q

What are the IV steroids

A

Dexamethasone
Prednisolone
Hydrocortisone

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12
Q

Which LT antagonist inhibits LOX

A

Zileuton

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13
Q

Which LT antagonist are LTD4 antagonists

A

Zafirlukast

Montelukast

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14
Q

Which resp drug is an antibody

A

Omalizumab

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15
Q

What are the opiods

A

Codeine

Dextromethorphan

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16
Q

What is the Mycolytic agent

A

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

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17
Q

1st gen H1 antagonists

A

Diphenhydramine

Chlorpheniramine

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18
Q

2nd gen H1 antagonists

A

Loratadine
Fexofenadine
Cetirizine

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19
Q

What are the alpha agonists

A

Phenylephrine

Pseudoephedrine

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20
Q

What is the action of adrenergic agonists

A

Increase cAMP

Bronchial SM relaxation

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21
Q

DOC acute relief of bronchospasms

A

Short acting beta 2

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22
Q

What are long acting beta 2 agonists used mainly for

A

Prophylaxis

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23
Q

What do you give to asthma with anaphylactic shock or when other drugs failed

A

Epinepherine

24
Q

Which is primarily used in heart block and bradycardia (beta 1)

A

Isoproterenol

25
Q

Why does inhalation of beta 2 agonists minimize AE

A

Poor absorption through lungs

26
Q

What are the beta 2 AE

A

Tremor
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Tolerance

27
Q

How does Theophylline cause bronchodilation

A

Block cAMP metabolism

28
Q

Effect of CYP inducers/inhibitors on Theophylline effect

A

Inducers decrease

Inhibitors increase

29
Q

Theophylline AE

A

Seizures and Arrhythmias
Tremor, insomnia, GI
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia

30
Q

What is the action of muscarinic antagonists

A

Block parasympathetics

Decrease bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion

31
Q

When do you give Ipatropium

A

Drug induced bronchospasm

Tx of Asthma in COPD

32
Q

Ipatropium AE

A

Dry mouth

Sedation

33
Q

What is the long acting muscarinic antagonist

A

Tiotropium

34
Q

How do corticosteroids act

A

Inhibit PLA2

Bind glucose response elements

35
Q

When are inhaled steroids given

A

Maintain inflammation supression

36
Q

Given for severe attacks (status asthmaticus)

A

Systemic steroids

37
Q

What can be used to treat chronic rhinitis

A

Beclomethasone

Flunisolide

38
Q

Inhaled corticosteroid AE

A

Cough
Oral thrush
Dysphonia

39
Q

IV steroid AE

A

Abnormal glucose metab
Increase appetite and weight gain
HTN
Adrenal supression

40
Q

How do LT antagonists act

A

Block LT synth or LT receptors

Decrease constriction and inflammation

41
Q

When do you give LT antagonists

A

Exercise, Ag, or Aspirin-induced asthma

Chronic maintenance

42
Q

What are LT antagonists NOT useful for

A

Acute bronchospasm

43
Q

Zileuton AE

A

Increase LFTs

44
Q

Lukast AE

A

Vasculitis with EOS (similar to Churg-Strauss)

45
Q

How does Omalizumab work

A

Bind IgE on sensitized mast cells

Prevent mediator release

46
Q

When do you give Omalizumab

A

Asthma prophylaxis when inhaled corticosteroids don’t work (> 12yrs age)

47
Q

What is the AE for Omalizumab

A

Anaphylaxis

48
Q

How do opioids act as antitussives

A

Depress CNS cough center sensitivity to peripheral stimuli (low dose)

49
Q

When are opioids administered

A

Severe cough that disrupts sleep

50
Q

What is the benefit of using Dextromethophan over codeine

A

No analgesic or addictive potential

Less constipating

51
Q

How does NAC work

A

Break disulfides in mucus

Easier to cough it out

52
Q

When is NAC administered

A

CF

Acetaminophen OD

53
Q

When are H1 antagonists administered

A

Allergic rhinitis

54
Q

What do alpha agonists do

A

Constrict dilated arterioles

55
Q

How is the alpha agonist effect different when aerosol

A

Rapid onset

Few systemic side effects

56
Q

When are alpha agonists administered

A

Rhinitis

57
Q

What is the effect of prolonged alpha agonist use

A

Rebound nasal congestion after discontinuation

Pharm Midterm 1 (36 decks)

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