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Pharm Midterm 1 > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the loop diuretics

A

Furosemide

Toresemide

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2
Q

What are the thiazides

A

Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Metolazone

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3
Q

What are the K sparing diuretics

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene

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4
Q

What is the CAH inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

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5
Q

What is the osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

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6
Q

What is the ADH antagonist and acts on V1 and 2

A

Conivaptan

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7
Q

What do loop diuretics act on

A

NKCC2

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8
Q

What do thiazides act on

A

NCCT

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9
Q

What acts as an aldosterone antagonist

A

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

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10
Q

What acts on ENaC

A

Amiloride

Triamterene

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11
Q

DOC for acute pulm edema with HF

A

Loop diuretics

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12
Q

HTN in DI

A

Thiazides

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13
Q

Main AE for Loop

A

Ototoxicity

Hypokalemia

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14
Q

Main AE for aldosterone agonists

A

Irregular menstrual cycle
gynecomastia
Impotence

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15
Q

Main AE for Acetazolamide

A

Metabolic acidosis

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16
Q

Main AE for Mannitol

A

Dehydration

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17
Q

What are the most effective diuretic

A

Loop

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18
Q

Which diuretic class decrease PVR and BP even after volume recovery

A

Thiazides

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19
Q

What are the sulfa derivatives

A

Thiazides

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20
Q

What is the NKCC2

A

Na/Cl/K cotransporter

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21
Q

Where do loops act

A

LOH duh

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22
Q

What increases PG synthesis via COX 2

A

Loop diuretics

23
Q

Under what conditions can you give loop diuretic

A

Hypercalcemia

Hyperkalemia

24
Q

What is the urine composition in a pt on loop diuretics

A

Increased Ca, Na, K, Mg, volume

25
Q

What is the urine composition in a pt on thiazides

A

Increased Na, K, Cl, Mg, volume

Decreased Ca

26
Q

AE of Loops

A

Hyperuricemia (since renal clearance is affected)
Acute hypovolemia
Hypomagnesemia
Allergies (sulfa)

27
Q

What is NCCT

A

NA/Cl cotransporter

28
Q

Where is NCCT

A

DCT

29
Q

Do thiazides have a ceiling effect

A

Yes

30
Q

When can you give a thiazide

A

HTN
Mild HF
Hypercalcemia

31
Q

What are the less obvious AE for thiazides

A

Hyperuricemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia

32
Q

Where do aldosterone antagonists act

A

Collecting tubule

33
Q

How are aldosterone antagonists administered

A

Orally but with other diuretics

34
Q

When are aldosterone antagonists given

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Edema

35
Q

What is the urine composition in a pt on aldosterone antagonists

A

Increased Na

Decreased K

36
Q

Which K sparing induce P450

A

Spironolactone

Epleronone

37
Q

AE in aldosterone antagonists

A

GI upset, peptic ulcers
Hyperkalemia
Nausea/lethargy
Mental confusion

38
Q

What is ENaC

A

Na channel

39
Q

Where is ENaC

A

Collecting duct

40
Q

AE of ENaC inhibitors

A

Same as spironolactone
Leg cramps
Increase BUN and uric acid

41
Q

What acts in the PT

A

Acetazolamide

42
Q

How does Acetazolamide work

A

Prevent H formation for Na reabsorption

43
Q

What is Acetazolamide used for

A

Glaucoma (reduce aqueous humor)
Mountain sickness prophylaxis
Epilepsy

44
Q

Urine composition in pt on Acetazolamide

A

Increased Na, K, bicarb

45
Q

How does Acetazolamide affect urine pH

A

Increases

46
Q

Contraindication for Acetazolamide use

A

Hepatic cirrhosis

47
Q

Which diuretic does not affect Na excretion

A

Mannitol

48
Q

When is Mannitol used

A

Increased ICP
Acute renal failure (shock)
Drug toxicity
Trauma (maintain urine)

49
Q

Which diuretics are IV only

A

Mannitol

Conivaptan

50
Q

AE of Mannitol

A

Renal stones

K depletion

51
Q

Where does Conivaptan act

A

Collecting tubule

52
Q

What is Conivaptan used for

A

SIADH

Hyponatremia

53
Q

What is the urine composition of someone on Conivaptan

A

Dilute urine

Decreased Na

54
Q

AE for Conivaptan

A

Nephrogenic DI

Renal failure

Pharm Midterm 1 (36 decks)

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