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Idk (2024-2025) > Genetics Module 2.2 > Flashcards

Genetics Module 2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

are genes located on the same chromosome

A

Linked genes

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2
Q

are often inherited together into the same gametes

A

linked genes

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3
Q

these are closely associated linked genes that are always inherited together

A

complete linkage

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4
Q

these are associated linked genes that partially segregate from each other during gamete formation

A

incomplete linkage

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5
Q

types of linkage notation

A
  1. Cisform or coupling phase
  2. Transform or repulsion phase
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6
Q

linkage notation

All dominant alleles (AB) or recessive alleles (ab) are on the same chromatid.

A

Cis form or coupling phase

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7
Q

linkage notation

Both the dominant allele and recessive allele of linked gene A and B are on the same chromatid.

A

Trans form or replusion phase

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8
Q

it is the process of determining if two genes are linked, or if they tend to be inherited together

A

linkage determination

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9
Q

types of linkage determination

A
  1. deviation
  2. non-comfornity
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10
Q

linkage determination

1:1 (monohybrid) and 1:1:1:1 (dihybrid) test cross ratio

A

deviation

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11
Q

linkage determination

9:3:3:1 F2 phenotypic ratio

A

non-comfority

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12
Q

linkage determination

formula for linkage value

A

linkage value= (total number of crossover types/total number of population) x 100

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13
Q

refers to the inhibition of further cross over events by crossover event in a nearby region of the chromosome

A

interference

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14
Q

is the ratio of the observed number of double crossovers to the expected number of double crossovers

A

coefficient coincidence

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15
Q

formula for coefficient coincidence (cc)

A

cc= actual DCO/expected DCO

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16
Q

formula for interference

A

i= 1-cc

17
Q

is a diagram showing the relative positions of genetic markers along a chromosome that is determined by the recombination frequency during crossover of homologous chromosomes.

A

linkage or genetic map

18
Q

who discovered linkage map

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan (1910)

19
Q

is based on the crossing over percentage obtained from genetic experiments where 1 map unit is equivalent to 1% crossing over.

A

map distance

20
Q

unit of measurement for linkage map

A

cM (Centimorgan)

21
Q

Factors Affecting Recombination Frequencies

In general, the heterogametic sex (XY in males) of a species has lower crossover frequencies

A

sex

22
Q

Factors Affecting Recombination Frequencies

A
  • sex
  • maternal age
  • temperature
  • cytoplasmic effect
  • nutriton
  • chemical effects
  • radiation
  • genotype
  • chromosome structure
  • centromere
23
Q

Factors Affecting Recombination Frequencies

Crossing over tends to decrease as ________ increases

A

maternal age

24
Q

Every cell of sexually reproducing organism was bisexual – full potential to express both (male & female phenotype) or either one those. This theory help explain bisexuality, hermaphroditism, sex reversal and intersexuality in plant and animals.

A

sexuality theory

25
Q

It is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism.

A

sex determination

26
Q

sex determination is governed by:

A

genes and environment

27
Q

It explains the involvement of genes in sex expression

A

genetic sex determination

28
Q

types of genetics sex determination

A
  • Sex is determined by specific genotypes
  • Multiple allelic series for sexuality
  • Multiple Genes
  • Haplo-Diploidy
  • Haplo-Diploidy cont
  • Environmental Sex Determination
  • Chromosomal Sex Determination
29
Q

This type is found in most mammals and insect where the females and males have XX and XY, respectively

A

XX-XY Mechanism

30
Q

The sex chromosome carry genes for characters other than the sex determination.

A

sex linkage

31
Q

types of sex linked inheritance

A
  • X–linked inheritance : genes on X chromosome
  • Y–linked inheritance : genes on Y chromosome
32
Q

types of sex linked inheritance types of sex linked inheritance

  • Canbeexpress in both sex
  • Female: Homozygote or Heterozygote for an X–linked genes
  • Males: Hemizygotes for an X linked gene
A

X–linked inheritance : genes on X chromosome

33
Q

types of sex linked inheritance types of sex linked inheritance

  • Affects male only
A

Y–linked inheritance : genes on Y chromosome

Idk (2024-2025) (40 decks)

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