CPRT Lec 4.2 - SemioChemicals

Question 1

Chemicals emitted by living organisms that induce a behavioral or physiological response in other individuals.

Answer 1

Semiochemicals

Question 2

A Greek word that means sign or signal emitted by one individual that causes a response in another individual

Answer 2

Semeion

Question 3

Insects use _____ to locate a mate, a host, and a food source, avoid competition, escape natural enemies, and overcome their hosts’ natural defense system

Answer 3

Semiochemicals

Question 4

2 main groups of semiochemicals

Answer 4

Pheromones and Allelochemicals

Question 4

Chemicals that mediate interaction between individuals within the species or intraspecific interactions.

Answer 4

Pheromones

Question 5

Produced by females to attract males during mating

Answer 5

Sex Pheromones

Question 6

Produced by male butterflies to seduce females during courtship

Answer 6

Sex pheromones

Question 7

The most studied pheromones are from what insect group?

Answer 7

Lepidoptera

Question 8

Semiochemicals released by insects to attract members of the same species after locating a source of food or mating site.
- Beetles and weevils mainly emit them

Answer 8

Aggregation pheromones

Question 9

Semiochemicals released by an insect to alert members of the same species when there are threats to disperse them.
- social insects like aphids, thrips produce this to escape from natural enemies

Answer 9

Alarm pheromones

Question 10

Social insects produce this to indicate the trail to be followed when some members locate food sources. (e.g. ants and termites)

Answer 10

Trail marking pheromones

Question 11

Parasitoids produce __________________ to mark a host in which they have laid an egg; used to avoid ovipositing on hosts they or somebody else have oviposited already

Answer 11

Host marking pheromones

Question 12

“Secondary metabolites” produced by organism such as plants, animals, or microorganisms

Answer 12

Allelochemicals

Question 13

Similar to pheromones, but acts between two individuals of the different species (interspecific)

Answer 13

Kairomones

Question 13

Allelochemicals released by one and taken up or recognized by another organism.

Answer 13

1. Kairomones
2. Allomones
3. Synomones

Question 13

True or False: Kairomones favor the emitter of the chemical signal but not the receiver

Answer 13

False.

Question 13

found inside the host body serving as indicators for the host’s suitability for laying parasitoid eggs

Answer 13

Internal Kairomones

Question 13

Located outside of the host body that could be host frass or glue used to attach eggs to a substrate

Answer 13

External Kairomones

Question 13

This allelochemical benefits the producer but has neutral effects on the recipient (e.g. insect repellant and deterrents).

Answer 13

Allomones

Question 13

Kairomones in plants also emit _____ upon herbivore damage and can be used for pest control

Answer 13

plant volatiles

Question 14

Substance produced by an individual of one species that benefits both producer and recipient, a different species.

Answer 14

Synomone

Question 14

A substance that deters or inhibits insects from finding, feeding on, or ovipositing on an attractive host substrate. (e.g. neem oil, critonella oil, Bordeaux mixture)

Answer 14

Repellent

Question 14

It is a use of pheromones in PM in detecting the potentially invasive presence of insects; estimate insect population’s relative density

Answer 14

Insect Monitoring

Question 15

It is a use of pheromones in PM to lure and trap insects before being destroyed by physical/chemical means (attract-and-kill)

Answer 15

Trapping

Question 16

It is a use of pheromones in PM which involves affecting male’s behavior in their search for females for mating by releasing high quantities of synthetic female pheromones in the atmosphere

Answer 16

Mating disruption

Question 17

It is a use of pheromones in PM consisting of a combination of repellent and attracttive stimuli modifying insect’s behaviour and their natural enemies

Answer 17

Push-pull strategy

Question 18

insects are deterred or repelled away from the crops

Answer 18

push strategy

Question 19

insects attracted by lures and concentrated in other areas where they are trapped/killed in a controlled manner

Answer 19

pull strategy

Question 19

Benefits of semiochemicals?

Answer 19

• Highly selective
• Virtually no detectable residue
• No accumulation in wildlife or groundwater
• Neglible health risks to humans and other animals

Question 20

What was used for semiochemical research against rice green leafhopper?

Answer 20

leaf discs of tagbak