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Idk (2024-2025) > CPRT -Cultural Approach > Flashcards

CPRT -Cultural Approach Flashcards

1
Q

The practice of modifying the growing environment of the plants to make them more resilient against pests.

A

Cultural Control

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2
Q

Also defined as the deliberate alteration of the production system, either the cropping system itself or specific crop production practices, to reduce pest populations or avoid pest
injury to crops (Kogan, 1986).

A

Cultural Control

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3
Q

The term “Cultural Management” is derived from?

A

Crop Culture

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4
Q

Advantages of Cultural Control?

A
  • Inexpensive – it utilizes resources available to
    farmers
  • Compatible with other control measures
  • Not hazardous
  • Development of resistant strains of pests to cultural
    control method is limited
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5
Q

A disadvantage of Cultural Control that requires organization of farmers and institutions which is
difficult to achieve

A

Synchronous Planting

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6
Q
  • “tried and true” control technique
  • involve one or two or more seasons without the host
    plant or host contact
  • economical and important in the control of many
    plant pathogens such as nematodes, bacteria and
    fungi
A

Crop Rotation

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7
Q

To minimize sweet potato weevil damage, the rotation of sweet potato with _____ and _____ is recommended.

A

Squash and Corn

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8
Q

It is advisable to rotate crops of the same family as the rotated crops.

True or False?

A

False, because they may still serve as host to the pest.

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9
Q

Rotating tomato with _____, _____, and _____, will minimize bacterial wilt population in the soil

A

Corn, string bean and pechay

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10
Q

These practices can kill pests through
mechanical injury, starvation (via debris destruction)
desiccation and exposure

A

Soil Cultivation or Tillage

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11
Q

True or False: Plowing under crop debris and weeds after each cropping season will increase initial insect population and pathogen inoculum for the next cropping season.

A

False

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12
Q

This keeps the soil dry that is in direct contact with the root collar of the plant

A

Shaping the Topsoil and Earthing up/ Hilling up : Raised beds

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13
Q

This method is very effective in reducing incidence of Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia, Pythium, and Phytophtora that causes damping-off of seedlings, basal stem rot and wilts

A

Raised beds or plots

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14
Q

A special case of multiple cropping

A

Trap Cropping

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15
Q

involves the planting of an attractive small early crop to protect the main crop.

A

Trap Cropping

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16
Q

Involves the use of a second crop in the vicinity of the principal or main crop. It divers a pest, which would otherwise attack the principal crop.

A

Trap cropping

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17
Q

True or False: The trap crop is usually destroyed after the insects reproduce and should be the same family group of the main crop.

A

False

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18
Q

A type of Trap Cropping where the trap crop surrounds the main crop from all sides.

A

Perimeter Trap Cropping

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19
Q

A type of trap cropping where planting marigold (trap crop) in a row at the center of rows of tomato (main crop) to attract thrips early and destroyed

A

Row Trap Cropping

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20
Q

A type of trap cropping which involves planting trap crops in a strip along one common border between two or more crops

A

Strip Trap Cropping

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21
Q

A type of trap cropping where the trap crop is planted in higher densities to capture more eggs of the insect pest and destroyed ; trap crop planted earlier than the main crop

A

Dead-end Trap Cropping

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22
Q

Asparagus & marigold, Tagetes erecta L, are _______ to plant pathogens because they release substances in the soil that are toxic

A

Antagonistic - These plants are Antagonistic Plants

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23
Q

_________ occurs when chemicals released from the plants reduce the population of a pest organism

A

Antagonism - Allelopathy

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24
Q

Crotolaria incana or C. mucronata or Tagetes erecta affects which pest?

A

Meloidogyne hapla

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25
Q

This involves cuttings, scions, stocks, buds, bulbs, tubers, corms, and other vegetative planting materials should come from healthy plants

A

Use of Healthy Planting Materials

26
Q

In some plants like banana and abaca, the use of tissue cultured planting material where tissue cultured of _______ produce ________ planting materials

A

Meristem tips ; disease-free

27
Q

This is the practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously in a single field such as multiple cropping, intercropping, multi-storey cropping and companion planting.

A

Habitat diversification

28
Q

Farming techniques in Habitat Diversification

A

a. Multiple Cropping
b. Multiple-storey cropping
c. Intercropping
d. Companion Planting

29
Q

it is a method in Cultural Control in which proper choice of planting site is a way of minimizing the occurence of pests

A

Selection of Planting Site, Planting and Harvesting Date

30
Q

Factors to consider in choosing a site are:

A

climate topography, elevation, slope, and soil condition

31
Q

True or False: Harvesting is preferably done in the morning to allow dew and moisture on the surface of commodities to dry.

A

True

32
Q

True OR False: Soils with higher pH due to high CaCO3 content there is increased incidence and severity of root rot (Phymatotrichopsis omnivora) on peach

A

True

33
Q

At ______ soil, there is an increase virulence of downy mildews

A

High acidic

34
Q

___________ causes increased early blight in potato caused by Alternaria solani (Mackenzie 1981), fusarium wilt of melon by Fusarium oxysporum

A

Under-fertilization of Nitrogen

35
Q

_________ causes inscrease disease susceptibility increase to fire blight on apple (Erwinia amylova) and pear (Johnson, 2000)

A

Over-fertilization of Nitrogen

36
Q

ammonium form of nitrogen when used to fertilize crucifers make these plants more susceptible to club root and Fusarium root rot as these pathogens are acid loving

A

Source of N can affect susceptibility to diseases

37
Q

this nutrient reduces severity of take-all diseases of wheat and potato scab

A

Phosphorus

38
Q

This nutrient favors take all of wheat disease and potato scab

A

Nitrogen

39
Q

this nutrient reduces drought stress but may affect pathogen establishment, delays maturity senescence in some crops and increases vulnerability to facultative pathogens, increases root knot, and white tip of rice

A

Potassium

40
Q

This nutrient generally increases disease resistance through plant defense responses

A

Calcium

41
Q

This nutrient reduces take-all disease of wheat but increases Phytophthora cinnamomi on avocado

A

Manganese

42
Q

This nutrient reduces citrus greening or “huanglongbing”disease severity in citrus

A

Zinc

43
Q

This involves canopy management by pruning, thinning, or regulation of dense of crop stand by controlling the number of seeds per hill when sowing/planting has an effect on insect pest numbers, disease severity by influencing the environment/ microclimate

A

Proper Plant Spacing and Density (PPSD)

44
Q

This practice involves the immediate removal of crop residues and removal of weeds that serves as alternate hosts minimize the occurrence of pests

A

Sanitation and Clean Culture

45
Q

This practice will deprive insect pests, weed seeds, and aerobic pathogens of O2 and favors the population of anaerobic decomposers and antagonistic microorganisms that compete and or antagonize the pathogenic ones

A

Burying Deep

46
Q

Types of Irrigation?

A
  1. Sprinkler type (overhead water application)
  2. Surface irrigation (flood/furrow irrigation)
  3. Trickle or Drip irrigation
  4. Sub-surface irrigation or sub-soil irrigation
47
Q

Which Irrigation type favors foliar disease development?

A

Sprinkler/Overhead irrigation

48
Q

This involves the use of water to directly control pest; considered as physical control

A

Water Management: Irrigation Techniques: Drainage Canals

49
Q

This type of irrigation can be used to limit disease risk, but may be impractical or uneconomical

A

Surface irrigation (flood/furrow irrigation)

50
Q

A type of fallowing that is usually practiced in arid regions; aimed to reduce soil-borne pathogens and nematode control

A

Dry Fallowing

51
Q

A method in Water Management where is a good cultural management strategy in orchards and gardens to control water-loving pathogens like Phytophthora spp. in fruit trees

A

Drainage canals

52
Q

This involves leaving land free from crops (not planted) for a certain period for the purpose of soil recuperation and also reduce pest population

A

Fallowing

53
Q

These irrigation methods are recommended to minimize disease

A

Trickle/ Drip irrigation and sub-soil irrigation

54
Q

A type of fallowing which involves leaving the land free from crops while irrigating it intermittently. It is found effective against Pythium sp and Sclerotium sp. (damping off disease) and Ralstonia solanacearum

A

Wet Fallowing

55
Q

A type of fallowing used to control Fusarium wilt of banana and Verticillium wilt of cotton

A

Flooding or Flood Fallowing

56
Q

Refers to organic matter incorporated into the soil to improve its physical properties, such as water retention, permeability, water infiltration, drainage, aeration and structure

A

Soil amendments

57
Q

A layer of material applied to the soil surface

A

Soil mulch

58
Q

This method uses low-cost protectivve structures and is proven economically effective in off-season cropping of vegetables like tomato, ampalaya, sweet pepper, eggplant, lettuce, and pechay.
Also effective in reducing incidence of water-loving diseases like bacterial wilt , a problem in Eastern Visayas - a wet climate

A

Protected Cultivation

59
Q

This is when a group of farmers together in a given area plant the same crop at the same time in a certain cropping season

A

Synchronous Planting

60
Q

True or False: Synchronous Planting is more favorable for the build-up of pest populations because there is a period where no host plants are available to support populations of pests.

A

False. Less favorable

61
Q

Its main purpose is to make the environment less favorable for the pest and more favorable to the crop and natural enemies.

A

Cultural control

Idk (2024-2025) (40 decks)

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