CPRT -Cultural Approach

Question 1

The practice of modifying the growing environment of the plants to make them more resilient against pests.

Answer 1

Cultural Control

Question 2

Also defined as the deliberate alteration of the production system, either the cropping system itself or specific crop production practices, to reduce pest populations or avoid pest
injury to crops (Kogan, 1986).

Answer 2

Cultural Control

Question 3

The term “Cultural Management” is derived from?

Answer 3

Crop Culture

Question 4

Advantages of Cultural Control?

Answer 4

• Inexpensive – it utilizes resources available to
  farmers
• Compatible with other control measures
• Not hazardous
• Development of resistant strains of pests to cultural
  control method is limited

Question 5

A disadvantage of Cultural Control that requires organization of farmers and institutions which is
difficult to achieve

Answer 5

Synchronous Planting

Question 6

• “tried and true” control technique
• involve one or two or more seasons without the host
  plant or host contact
• economical and important in the control of many
  plant pathogens such as nematodes, bacteria and
  fungi

Answer 6

Crop Rotation

Question 7

To minimize sweet potato weevil damage, the rotation of sweet potato with _____ and _____ is recommended.

Answer 7

Squash and Corn

Question 8

It is advisable to rotate crops of the same family as the rotated crops.

True or False?

Answer 8

False, because they may still serve as host to the pest.

Question 9

Rotating tomato with _____, _____, and _____, will minimize bacterial wilt population in the soil

Answer 9

Corn, string bean and pechay

Question 10

These practices can kill pests through
mechanical injury, starvation (via debris destruction)
desiccation and exposure

Answer 10

Soil Cultivation or Tillage

Question 11

True or False: Plowing under crop debris and weeds after each cropping season will increase initial insect population and pathogen inoculum for the next cropping season.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

This keeps the soil dry that is in direct contact with the root collar of the plant

Answer 12

Shaping the Topsoil and Earthing up/ Hilling up : Raised beds

Question 13

This method is very effective in reducing incidence of Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia, Pythium, and Phytophtora that causes damping-off of seedlings, basal stem rot and wilts

Answer 13

Raised beds or plots

Question 14

A special case of multiple cropping

Answer 14

Trap Cropping

Question 15

involves the planting of an attractive small early crop to protect the main crop.

Answer 15

Trap Cropping

Question 16

Involves the use of a second crop in the vicinity of the principal or main crop. It divers a pest, which would otherwise attack the principal crop.

Answer 16

Trap cropping

Question 17

True or False: The trap crop is usually destroyed after the insects reproduce and should be the same family group of the main crop.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

A type of Trap Cropping where the trap crop surrounds the main crop from all sides.

Answer 18

Perimeter Trap Cropping

Question 19

A type of trap cropping where planting marigold (trap crop) in a row at the center of rows of tomato (main crop) to attract thrips early and destroyed

Answer 19

Row Trap Cropping

Question 20

A type of trap cropping which involves planting trap crops in a strip along one common border between two or more crops

Answer 20

Strip Trap Cropping

Question 21

A type of trap cropping where the trap crop is planted in higher densities to capture more eggs of the insect pest and destroyed ; trap crop planted earlier than the main crop

Answer 21

Dead-end Trap Cropping

Question 22

Asparagus & marigold, Tagetes erecta L, are _______ to plant pathogens because they release substances in the soil that are toxic

Answer 22

Antagonistic - These plants are Antagonistic Plants

Question 23

_________ occurs when chemicals released from the plants reduce the population of a pest organism

Answer 23

Antagonism - Allelopathy

Question 24

Crotolaria incana or C. mucronata or Tagetes erecta affects which pest?

Answer 24

Meloidogyne hapla

Question 25

This involves cuttings, scions, stocks, buds, bulbs, tubers, corms, and other vegetative planting materials should come from healthy plants

Answer 25

Use of Healthy Planting Materials

Question 26

In some plants like banana and abaca, the use of tissue cultured planting material where tissue cultured of _______ produce ________ planting materials

Answer 26

Meristem tips ; disease-free

Question 27

This is the practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously in a single field such as multiple cropping, intercropping, multi-storey cropping and companion planting.

Answer 27

Habitat diversification

Question 28

Farming techniques in Habitat Diversification

Answer 28

a. Multiple Cropping b. Multiple-storey cropping c. Intercropping d. Companion Planting

Question 29

it is a method in Cultural Control in which proper choice of planting site is a way of minimizing the occurence of pests

Answer 29

Selection of Planting Site, Planting and Harvesting Date

Question 30

Factors to consider in choosing a site are:

Answer 30

climate topography, elevation, slope, and soil condition

Question 31

True or False: Harvesting is preferably done in the morning to allow dew and moisture on the surface of commodities to dry.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

True OR False: Soils with higher pH due to high CaCO3 content there is increased incidence and severity of root rot (Phymatotrichopsis omnivora) on peach

Answer 32

True

Question 33

At ______ soil, there is an increase virulence of downy mildews

Answer 33

High acidic

Question 34

___________ causes increased early blight in potato caused by Alternaria solani (Mackenzie 1981), fusarium wilt of melon by Fusarium oxysporum

Answer 34

Under-fertilization of Nitrogen

Question 35

_________ causes inscrease disease susceptibility increase to fire blight on apple (Erwinia amylova) and pear (Johnson, 2000)

Answer 35

Over-fertilization of Nitrogen

Question 36

ammonium form of nitrogen when used to fertilize crucifers make these plants more susceptible to club root and Fusarium root rot as these pathogens are acid loving

Answer 36

Source of N can affect susceptibility to diseases

Question 37

this nutrient reduces severity of take-all diseases of wheat and potato scab

Answer 37

Phosphorus

Question 38

This nutrient favors take all of wheat disease and potato scab

Answer 38

Nitrogen

Question 39

this nutrient reduces drought stress but may affect pathogen establishment, delays maturity senescence in some crops and increases vulnerability to facultative pathogens, increases root knot, and white tip of rice

Answer 39

Potassium

Question 40

This nutrient generally increases disease resistance through plant defense responses

Answer 40

Calcium

Question 41

This nutrient reduces take-all disease of wheat but increases Phytophthora cinnamomi on avocado

Answer 41

Manganese

Question 42

This nutrient reduces citrus greening or "huanglongbing"disease severity in citrus

Answer 42

Zinc

Question 43

This involves canopy management by pruning, thinning, or regulation of dense of crop stand by controlling the number of seeds per hill when sowing/planting has an effect on insect pest numbers, disease severity by influencing the environment/ microclimate

Answer 43

Proper Plant Spacing and Density (PPSD)

Question 44

This practice involves the immediate removal of crop residues and removal of weeds that serves as alternate hosts minimize the occurrence of pests

Answer 44

Sanitation and Clean Culture

Question 45

This practice will deprive insect pests, weed seeds, and aerobic pathogens of O2 and favors the population of anaerobic decomposers and antagonistic microorganisms that compete and or antagonize the pathogenic ones

Answer 45

Burying Deep

Question 46

Types of Irrigation?

Answer 46

1. Sprinkler type (overhead water application) 2. Surface irrigation (flood/furrow irrigation) 3. Trickle or Drip irrigation 4. Sub-surface irrigation or sub-soil irrigation

Question 47

Which Irrigation type favors foliar disease development?

Answer 47

Sprinkler/Overhead irrigation

Question 48

This involves the use of water to directly control pest; considered as physical control

Answer 48

Water Management: Irrigation Techniques: Drainage Canals

Question 49

This type of irrigation can be used to limit disease risk, but may be impractical or uneconomical

Answer 49

Surface irrigation (flood/furrow irrigation)

Question 50

A type of fallowing that is usually practiced in arid regions; aimed to reduce soil-borne pathogens and nematode control

Answer 50

Dry Fallowing

Question 51

A method in Water Management where is a good cultural management strategy in orchards and gardens to control water-loving pathogens like Phytophthora spp. in fruit trees

Answer 51

Drainage canals

Question 52

This involves leaving land free from crops (not planted) for a certain period for the purpose of soil recuperation and also reduce pest population

Answer 52

Fallowing

Question 53

These irrigation methods are recommended to minimize disease

Answer 53

Trickle/ Drip irrigation and sub-soil irrigation

Question 54

A type of fallowing which involves leaving the land free from crops while irrigating it intermittently. It is found effective against Pythium sp and Sclerotium sp. (damping off disease) and Ralstonia solanacearum

Answer 54

Wet Fallowing

Question 55

A type of fallowing used to control Fusarium wilt of banana and Verticillium wilt of cotton

Answer 55

Flooding or Flood Fallowing

Question 56

Refers to organic matter incorporated into the soil to improve its physical properties, such as water retention, permeability, water infiltration, drainage, aeration and structure

Answer 56

Soil amendments

Question 57

A layer of material applied to the soil surface

Answer 57

Soil mulch

Question 58

This method uses low-cost protectivve structures and is proven economically effective in off-season cropping of vegetables like tomato, ampalaya, sweet pepper, eggplant, lettuce, and pechay. Also effective in reducing incidence of water-loving diseases like bacterial wilt , a problem in Eastern Visayas - a wet climate

Answer 58

Protected Cultivation

Question 59

This is when a group of farmers together in a given area plant the same crop at the same time in a certain cropping season

Answer 59

Synchronous Planting

Question 60

True or False: Synchronous Planting is more favorable for the build-up of pest populations because there is a period where no host plants are available to support populations of pests.

Answer 60

False. Less favorable

Question 61

Its main purpose is to make the environment less favorable for the pest and more favorable to the crop and natural enemies.

Answer 61

Cultural control