CPrt 22 Lec - Module 6 (Chanchan) Flashcards by Rey Jualo

In 1952, ____ and _____ coined the term “Integrated Pest Control”

Michel Bacher and Bacon

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In 1959, Stern et, al. defined Integrated Pest Control (IPC) as ______________.

Applied Pest Control

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In 1969, Geier coined the term ___________.

Pest Management (PM)

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True or False

During the late 1960’s, scientists consider IPC and PM as equivalent expressions. True or False?

True

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In 1967, R.F Smith and R. Van den Bosch introduced the term _________

IPPM

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__________ was first used in agriculture beginning in the 1970s in response to growing knowledge about the negative side-effects of pesticide overuse.

IPM

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True or False

Smith and Adkisson were awarded the World Food Prize for Pioneering work on implementation of IPM.

True

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In _______, DA through BPI formally introduced IPM to educate the farmers on the concept and practice of need-based insecticide.

1978

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The Philippines adopted IPM as the core of crop protection policy in agriculture on ____ by President Corazon C. Aquino.

May, 1986

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The local name for the Philippine National Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program.

Kasaganaan ng Sakaban at Kalikasan / KASAKALIKASAN

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The former president that launched KASAKALIKASAN on May 3, 1993.

Former Pres. Fidel Ramos

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An ____________ published jointly by the Philippine-German Crop Protection Program and the Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture were distributed to farmers.

IPM Rice Pocket Reference Manual

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It contains a list of economic threshold levels of different pests of rice in each growth stage of rice.

IPM Rice Pocket Reference Manual

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The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) implemented an IPM program for rice pests, which involved a ________________.

Farmer’s Participatory Research

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Where and when was the first FAO-assisted IPM-FFS experiment implement in?

Antique, 1991

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True or False

There is only 1 definition of IPM.

False. Numerous definitions have been put forward for IPM. No single definition, however, is likely to cover all facts of IPM for all time.

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True or False

IPM applies a holistic solution to the problem of managing pests to be controlled by employing good crop management practices and maximizing the many controls already existing in nature.

Saktrue

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Components of IPM (5)

Selection of best and most applicable pest control methods.
Economic benefits to growers and society.
Benefits to the environment.
Decision support tool that guides the selection of the control action.
Impacts on multiple target and non-target organisms.

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True or False

IPM tactics are compatible with each other.

True

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True or False

IPM integrates management of not just one pest, but of all pests if possible.

True

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True or False

IPM can only be applied to few agroecosystems.

False.
IPM can be applied to any agroecosystem.

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True or False

IPM aims for pest eradication or elimation.

False.

IPM does not emphasize pest eradication or elimination but only aims to reduce pests to tolerable levels.

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True or False

IPM incorporates economic sustainability, and environmental and social concerns.

True

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True or False

Chemical and biological control are compatible with each other.

False.

Chemical control and biological control are not compatible with each other.

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# True or False It is ideal to apply pesticides even when the pest population is below the ETL. [True or False]

False. There is no need to apply pesticides or spend on any control methods when the pest population is below the ETL.

Give two pairs of controls that are compatible with each other.

1. Cultural control and Biological control. 2. Cultural control and Chemical control.

# True or False In IPM, pesticides are preferred and beneficial organisms are only used when necessary.

False. While pesticides remain a part of IPM, the products least toxic to humans and beneficial organisms are preferred and pesticides are used only when necessary.

# True or False Incorporating other factors such as the maintenance of aesthetic quality refers to considering the crop or plant's aesthetic value.

True

# True or False The methods to employ in IPM should be accepted by the community or society, therefore IPM needs to include social and environmental concerns.

True

Pest management technologies available for integration into an IPM program (6)

1. Regulatory methods. 2. Cultural methods. 3. Physical and mechanical methods. 4. Biological methods. 5. Genetic control. 6. Chemical methods.

# True or False Before planning the IPM program, the farmer should know the correctly identify the pest and the plant health problems.

True

# True or False It is essential to understand the population biology and ecology for the implementation of the IPM program.

True

# True or False It is necessary to know the environmental conditions that would favor the multiplication of the population of the pest.

True

# True or False Assessment of the population and understanding the population dynamics is essential.

True

# True or False Time pest controls with points in the pest life cycle when they are most susceptible to controls.

False

# True or False A pest control decision must be based on proper cost/benefit evaluations.

True

# True or False The side effects of pesticides to non-target organisms, species diversity, and the environment, should be neglected.

False. Consider the side effects of pesticides to non-target organisms, species diversity, and the environment.

# True or False Possible occurrence of pesticide resistance should be considered when implementing IPM.

True

One of the goals and scope of IPM programs is that there should be more rational use of pesticides to **[maximize, minimize]** pesticide resistance problems, pest resurgence, and secondary pest outbreaks.

Minimize

In Philippines, in 1993, IPM farmers obtained higher ________ yield and reduced pesticide use compared to non-IPM.

Rice

In India in 1995, IPM farmers obtained increased _______ yield and reduced pesticide use by 50% compared to non-IPM farmers.

Rice

In India on _________ crop, adoption of IPM technology resulted in reduction in the number of insecticide sprays against sucking pests and bollworms.

Cotton

Seeks to assist farmers in developing their ability to make critical and informed decisions that render their farming systems more productive, profitable, and sustainable.

KASAganaan ng Sakahan at Kalikasan / KASAKALIKASAN

The local name for the Philippine National Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program.

Kasaganaan ng Sakahan at Kalikasan / KASAKALIKASAN

It is the Philippine government's commitment to Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in promoting sustainable agriculture and rural development.

Kasaganaan ng Sakahan at Kalikasan / KASAKALIKASAN

AESA

Agroecosystem Analysis

It involves the study of weather, pest and natural enemy population, amount of damage, fertilizer effect, plant development, and other observations that can be made in the field.

AESA / Agroecosystem Analysis

The 4 participants of the IPM Program for Diamondback moth of cabbage.

* ADB * AVRDC * PCAARRD * Cabbage Farmers

Location of the IPM Program for Diamondback Moth

Cordillera

IPM Program for Diamondback Moth of Cabbage

Asian Vegetable Network Collaborative Program

The parasitoid used for the biological control of diamondback moth of cabbage

*Diadegma semiclausum*

The mass-rearing for the biological control of diamondback moth of cabbage was done at:

Benguet State University (BSU) and Department of Entomology, University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB)

# True or False In the IPM Program for Diamondback Moth, the farmers were not allowed to use Bt spray.

False. Recipient farmers were instructed to refrain from using synthetic chemical pesticides but allowed to use Bt spray (a biopesticide made up of bacterial cells) only when necessary.

In the IPM Program for Diamondback Moth, the releases where done at least ________ within the cropping season.

3-4 times

In the IPM Program for Diamondback Moth, how many days were monitoring done after transplanting, and how many repetitions were done throughout the entire cropping season?

40 days after transplanting; Repeated 3-4 times throughout the entire cropping season

The tangible benefits of the cabbage IPM program (6)

1. Yield and income increase (75%) 2. Reduction in production cost (41%) 3. Reduction in Pesticide application (86%) 4. Safety to the environment 5. Safety to the applicator 6. Safety to the consumers

The most serious insect pest of corn in the Philippines

*Ostrinia furnacalis*

Natural enemy of *Ostrinia furnacalis* used in IPM for Corn Borer

*Trichogramma evanescens*

What kind of parasitoid is the *Trichogramma evanescens*?

Egg parasitoid

*T. evanescens* mass-rearing laboratories through the ________________________________ were established all over the country.

Regional Crop Protection Centers

The eggs of this insect was glued over the surface the trichocard.

Rice moth - *Corcyra cephalonica*

Each trichocard may contain ____________ parasitoids

1,500 - 2,000

Where was the trichocard hanged?

The trichocard is hanged on a corn plant at the third leaf from the base at or near the leaf sheath.

The trichocards were placed on the field starting at _______ days after planting.

20-25 days

How many corn borer egg mass must be sampled in 100 plants for trichocards to be used?

3-5 corn borer masses

At _____ days after the first release, sampling in 100 corn plants is due to collect corn borer egg masses, and percent parasitism is determined.

3-5 days

If ____ of 100 corn sample plants are injured, application of B.T. formulation as spray or whorl application of granular, systemic insecticide is recommended.

0.3

The cultural approach used in IPM for Corn borer

Detasseling

In detasseling, ___ percent of tassels are removed immediately after tassel emergence or before pollen shedding.

0.75

In detasseling, for every four rows of corn, plant's tassels in the three rows of tassels were removed, leaving only one row as the ___________.

Source of pollens

FFS stands for _______.

Farmers-Field School

# True or False Most farmers practicing corn-IPM experienced a lower cost of production after attempting FFS-corn-IPM.

True

______________ parasitizes the egg of sugarcane borer.

*Trichogramma chilonis*

The title of the DOST PCARRD funded project for Mango IPM

Enhancing the Philippine Mango Industry

Component of "Enhancing the Philippine Mango Industry"

Integrated Plant Management for Mango

It involves selective control methods to reduce the amount of insecticide applied to mango.

"Integrated Plant Management for Mango"

Participatory workshops were done in mango production areas such as ________, _______, and _____________ participated in by various stakeholders such as groweres, local government unit officials, and researchers.

Guimaras, Palawan, and Davao Oriental

The removal of infested or infected parts of the tree (leaves, panicle, terminals, fruits, branches). It can reduce the amount of initial inoculum or pest population for the next cropping cycle.

Pruning and other sanitation practices

It is recommended after harvest and before flushing.

Pruning

Drastic pruning should be avoided as this may reduce the number of fruiting terminals or may cause branches to revert to its juvenile stage.

True

Fertilizer and irrigation must be timed so that uniform flushing will coincide with wet periods where pests are not prevalent.

False. Fertilizer and irrigation must be timed so that uniform flushing will coincide with **dry periods** where pests are not prevalent.

# True or False Timing of flower induction so that flowering does not coincide on periods where pests are least expected to occur, which can also be used in making a pest management decision.

False Timing of flower induction so that flowering **coincides** on periods where pests are least expected to occur.

# True or False If ever resorted to pesticide, the application must be timed at plant stage most vulnerable to diseases or pests, especially when existing environmental conditions are favorable to pest or disease development.

True

The more vulnerable stage for disease development in mango is identified at the [blank] between flower bud break and fruit set.

Flushing stage (0-15 days after bud break)

It is recommended to bag fruits within ________ days after flower induction.

15-60

# True or False Triangular bags have defensive efficiency and low partiality of dropping off.

True

# True or False When scale insects and mealybugs become a potential problem, plastic strips with insecticide can be placed inside the bag.

True

It is an essential tool in IPM-Mango FFS in the Philippines

"Field Guide of Discovery-Based IPM Exercises for Mango IPM"

It is an intensive field guide designed for use in mango IPM farmer's field school (mango IPM-FFS)

"Field Guide of Discovery-Based IPM Exercises for Mango IPM"

When was "Field Guide of Discovery-Based IPM Exercises for Mango IPM" published and by whom?

2000; SEAMEO SEARCA

Mango IPM in Palawan is emphasized on the __________.

Mango Pulp Weevil

# True or False The "Field Guide of Discovery-Based IPM Exercises for Mango IPM" considers not only pests, but the entire mango production schemes.

True

Activities and methods in Mango IPM in Palawan

1) Open-center pruning and sanitation as cultural control methods 2) Pest monitoring as a basis for chemical control.

# True or False Open-center pruning will expose the center of the canopy to sunlight.

True

# True or False A 10-minute exposure at certain times of the day will kill 100% of the weevils hiding at the tree trunk.

True

Insecticides used for Mango IPM at recommended rates

1) Chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin 2) Lambda-cyhalothrin