Ansci C05 Flashcards by Rey Jualo

top 3 regions that has the highest distribution of cattle inventory by region

Central Visayas
Ilocos Region
CALABARZON

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ika pila ang Eastern Visayas sa distribution of cattle inventory by region

15th

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refers to the special form or purpose for which an animal is to
be used.

types

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meaty,rectangular/square and blocky in form.

Beef type

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large, rugged, with considerable length of leg.

Draft type

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intermediate between beef or dairy or draft.

Dual-purpose

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2n = 48, 80% in East India, Philippines, North China.

Swamp type

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2n = 50, 67% in East India, Middle East, Southern Europe, USSR.

Riverine type

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from India, jet black color with white switch (tip of tail), spirally curled horn, milk yield of 5-7 kg/day.

Murrah

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black with white markings on face & legs, white switch, small & lightly coiled horns.

Nii-Ravi

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light gray, two stripes (chevron) at ventral jaw, milk yield of 1.45-2.64 kg/day.

Philippine Carabao (PC)

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black, long hair, massive and strong horn to form a moonlike crescent which ends upward, milk yield of 0.9-1.0 kg/day.

Thai buffalo

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similar to Philippine Carabao except for their more massive horns.

Cambodian (Kampuchean) buffalo

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Grades with at least 50% Murrah blood are jet black, chevron completely absent, white switch, blacklegs.

Philippine-Murrah

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F1 grades look like Murrah crosses with white flock of hair on the forehead and switch of the tail.

Philippine-ravi

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Look like the native carabao except the former has massive horn.

Philippine-Kampuchean

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Look like Philippine Murrah grades

Kampuchean-Murrah

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Indian origin.
Large hump; horns curved upward; ears are generally large and pendulous: dewlap has excess skin; more highly developed sweat glands than Bos taurusand perspire freely.

Brahman

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Northeast Scotland
World’s largest beef breed registry

Angus

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Short horn and wide set eyes
Early maturity, excellent reproductive performance
Red to Roan (mixture of red and white)

Shorthorn

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First breed development in England; white in face, flanks, tail, and creston the neck with cherry to mahogany red color. Polled Hereford developed in1901.

Hereford

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same origin as Angus; with curly black haircoat

Belted Galloway

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Lasater Ranch, Texas.
½ Brahman, ¼ Hereford, ¼ Shorthorn.
Six Essentials -Weight, Conformation, Milking Ability, Fertility, Hardiness (severe range conditions)
and Disposition.

Beefmaster

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Popular in South America –Brazil

Nelore

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* Spotted, few white markings * Head –white in front of the eyes * Lower parts of legs also white

Simmental

* Excellent maternal traits * Rapid growth * Hybrid vigour * Excellent maternal traits * Rapid growth * Hybrid vigour

Simbah

Cross between Brahman & Angus

Brangus

* Cross between Red Poll & N’Dama * Heat tolerant & insect resistance

Senepol

a Japanese beef cattle ____ means **Japanese style** and ____ means **cattle**

Wa; gyu

Brown Swiss, Shorthorn, Devon, Simmental, Ayrshire, Korean, Holstein and Angus impacted on today'sWagyu.

British and Continental Breeds

consist of 5/8 Shorthorn + 3/8 Brahman, developed in King Ranch (Texas), red or cherry red with short, slick, straight hair and loose hide with neck folds.

Sta. Gertrudis

the controlled propagation of cattle to improve qualities desirable to man.

Breeding

mating of closely related individuals within a breed; to increase the homozygosity of genes.

Inbreeding

mating of close relatives (father-daughter, son-mother, brother,sister)

Close breeding

mating of distant relatives (cousins). Form of mild inbreeding designed to concentrate the genes of a certain ancestor of the genetic constitution of the progeny.

Line breeding

a very mild form of inbreeding which leads to increase homozygosity within the strain in the long term.

Strain breeding

mating of individuals to increase heterozygousity of genes and capitalize on hybrid vigor(heterosis)

Crossbreeding

the average quality of the first generation exceeding the average of two parental breeds.

Hybrid vigor

is displayed mainly in the fitness traits, fertility and viability

Heterosis

Involving two or more breeds, where the crossbred may stabilize into a breed (eg. Brangus) by “inter se” mating or crisscross or triple cross.

Systematic crossbreeding

Mating of purebred sires to nondescript or native females & their offsprings generation after generation.

Upgrading

Sexual maturity (bulls/heifer)

6-8 months

Estrus cycle

18-24 days (average= 21 days)

Estrus duration

European = 14-18 hours Zebu/Indigenous= 10-12hours

Ovulation

10-14 hours after end of estrus

Parturation

283 days (316-320 in carabao)

Amount of ejaculate

2-12ml, with 500 or more sperm cells/ml.

Sperms urvival at oviduct

48 ours max

Signs of Estrus (period of sexual receptivity of female)

* Reddening & swelling of vulva; mucous discharge * Isolates herself; seem sickly and has no appetite * Frequent urination; restlessness, bellowing/mooing * Mount others; standing still when mounted

conventional use of bull to impregnate a heifer or cow.

Natural Method

a bull in good condition can serve 3-4 times/week or one service every other day.

Hand mating

Modern reproduction techniques that multiply the capacity of superior male or female.

Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer

_____ site of fermentation, receiving area for feed (during eating) and ingesta (during rumination).

Reticulum

_____site of fermentation(by bacteria, protozoa & fungi) of (CH2O)n into VFA (acetic, propionic, butyric acids), and CO2 and CH4 that are eructated to prevent bloat; also synthesize water-soluble vitamins (B complex and C). Proteins are broken into NH3 and CO2 where NH3 is utilized for microbial protein synthesis or absorbed, converted into urea & excreted via urine.

Rumen

_____ maintains neutral pH

Saliva

______ is filled with lamella, which increase surface area for absorption of water, VFA, & bicarbonate.

Omasum

_______ is glandular that secrets pepsin & HCl, site of digestion of proteins into polypeptides, with acidic pH

Abomasum

The presence of “course digesta” triggers “rumination reflex” to occur which includes:

* regurgitation * remastication * reinsalivation * reswallowing

process of belching of gas which allows removal of large volume of gases produced in the rumen.

Eructation

the buildup of gas in the rumen. This gas is produced as part of thenormal processof digestion, and is normally lost by belching (eructation)

Bloating

which occurs when the gullet is obstructed (often by foreign objects such as potato

Gassy bloat

which happens as the result of a stable foam developing on top of the rumen liquid, which blocks the release of the gas.

Frothy Bloat

Signs of Bloat

* No longer grazing; * A reluctance to move; * Distended left abdomen; * Appear distressed -vocalize, eyes bulging; * Strain to urinate and defecate; * Rapid breathing -mouth may be open with tongue protruding ; staggering.

Treatment of Bloating

* Passing a stomach tube * a trochar and cannula punched through the side into the rumen * antifoaming agents

transport of metabolic products; cushion of joints; temperature regulation; etc.

water

for maintenance, growth, work & production. From soluble carbohydrates (starch & sugars), structural carbohydrates (cellulose & hemicellulose), and lipids.

Energy

synthesis of muscles, tissues, other body components. Microbial cell protein (MCP) is the source of amino acids (AA) for ruminants.

Proteins

water-soluble (B-complex) & fat-soluble K vitamins are synthesized in the rumen.

Vitamins

bone & teeth formation, acid-base balance, nerve impulse transmission.

Minerals

is the natural cheapest feeds for ruminants and includes not only grasses but also legumes

Forages & Pastures

____ contains 8% CP

Grasses

____ contains aboit 20% CP

Legumes

Rice straw, corn stover, corn cobs, sugarcane tops, brewers’ grains, pineapple pulp (highly fibrous).

Roughages

silage, hay, haylage.

Conserved Forages

grains, agro-industrial by-products like copra meal, ricebran, & wheat pollard.

Concentrates