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Idk (2024-2025) > CPRT - Biological Approach > Flashcards

CPRT - Biological Approach Flashcards

1
Q
A
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1
Q

A method of controlling pests that relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms.

A

Biological control

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2
Q

Refers to the beneficial action of predators, parasites, pathogens, and competitors in controlling pests and their damage.

A

Biological control

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3
Q

In plant diseases, biological control agents are most often referred to as _______.

A

Antagonists

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4
Q

In weeds, biological control agents include ________ and _________.

A

Herbivores and plant pathogens.

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5
Q

Biological control is an environmentally sound and effective means of mitigating pests and pest effects.

True or False?

A

True

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6
Q

Reduction in an organism’s or pest’s density due to natural enemies that occur without man’s intervention.

A

Natural Biological Control

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7
Q

Method that relies on natural enemies to reduce pest population to tolerable level and involve natural enemy manipulation by man.

A

Applied biological control

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8
Q

Mass production of BCA in the laboratory then later release in the field and create niche to promote establishment of the BCA in the field.

A

Applied biological control

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9
Q

Types of biological control

A
  1. Natural biological control
  2. Applied biological control
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10
Q

An organism that lives in or on another organism and takes its nourishment from that organism.

A

Parasite.

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11
Q

It is an organism that parasitizes a pest.

A

Parasite

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12
Q

Insect parasites are usually _______ than their host and have a __________ life cycle than their host.

A

smaller; shorter

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13
Q

Parasites kill their host.

True or False?

A

False

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14
Q

An organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic.

A

Parasitoid

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15
Q

It is a natural enemy that parasitizes and ultimately kill their host.

A

Parasitoid

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16
Q

Kinds of parasitoids according to type of host insects

A
  1. Primary parasitoid
  2. Secondary parasitoid
  3. Tertiary parasitoid.
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17
Q

It is the parasitoid that is not considered beneficial.

A

Secondary parasitoid.

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18
Q

The tertiary parasitoid is not considered beneficial. True or False?

A

False.

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19
Q

Parasites that develop inside the host; associated with hosts in both concealed and exposed site.

A

Endoparasitoids

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20
Q

A parasitoid that lives inside a host and has nutritional requirements that allow multiple parasites to exist in the host’s body

A

Endogregarious parasitoid

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21
Q

A parasitoid that develops outside of host; typically associated with hosts in “protected” sites (i.e. tunnels, leafmines, rolled leaves)

A

Ectoparasitoids

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22
Q

Primary parasitoid of the eggs of
- Plodia interpunctella
- Corcyra sp.
- Ostrinia furnacalis

A

Trichogramma evanescens

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23
Q

Larval parasitoid of lepidopteran pests.

A

Apanteles spp.

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24
Q

Parasitoid of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella of cabbage.

A

Diadegma semiclausum

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25
Q

Parasitoid of Rice black bug eggs

A

Telenomus triptus

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26
Q

It is an organism that attacks other organisms by devouring them.

A

Predator

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27
Q

Predators are usually _________ or just _______ in size as the prey.

A

bigger; similar

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28
Q

Predators require (more, less) number of individual preys to complete its development.

A

Predators require more number of individual preys to complete its development.

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29
Q

Predatory insects are (non-beneficial, beneficial).

A

Beneficial

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30
Q

Examples of predators

A
  • Lacewings
  • Ladybugs (Coccinellid)
  • Preying mantis
  • Spiders
  • Dragonfly
  • Damselfly
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31
Q

A predator that prey on psyllids.

A

Curinus sp.

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32
Q

Microorganisms that can attack or cause diseases and may kill the pest host.

A

Pathogens

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33
Q

_________ are pathogens that attack plants and are considered pests.

A

Plant pathogens

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34
Q

Pathogens that attack pest are called ___________ and are beneficial pathogens from the biological control standpoint.

A

Biological control agents

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35
Q

Microorganisms that cause disease in insects.

A

Entomopathogens

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36
Q

Fungus vs. insect pest

A

Entomopathogenic fungi

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37
Q

Scientific name for Green muscardine fungus

A

Metarhizium anisopliae

38
Q

Common name of Metarhizium anisopliae

A

Green muscardine fungus

39
Q

A fungal biocon agent for Rhinoceros beetle and grubs.

A

Green muscardine fungus / Metarhizium anisopliae

40
Q

Scientific name of the white muscardine fungus

A

Beauveria bassiana

41
Q

Examples of entomopathogenic fungi

A
  • Metarhizium anisopliae
  • Beauveria bassiana
  • Paecilomyces farrinosus
42
Q

Example of a bacteria that infects insects

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

43
Q

It is a soil bacterium that are endospore formers. The endospore forms crystals that are toxic to lepidopteran larvae, beetle larvae, or grubs.

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

44
Q

________ are viral pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods

A

Baculoviruses

45
Q

Most insect baculoviruses must be eaten by the host to produce an infection, which is typically fatal to the insect.

Is this statement true or false?

46
Q

The majority of baculoviruses used as biological control agents are in the genus _____________.

A

Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV)

47
Q

Nematodes that can get the insect sick.

A

Entomopathogenic nematode (EPN)

48
Q

Microorganisms that antagonizes plant pathogenic fungus

A

Mycoparasite

49
Q

Fungus that parasitizes a plant pathogenic fungus

A

Mycoparasite

50
Q

A mycoparasite of Sclerotium rolfsii

A

Trichoderma sp.

51
Q

Diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

A

Vegetable wilts

52
Q

Trichoderma sp. produces toxins or enzymes that can cause ________ of the fungal pathogen hypha of Sclerotium rolfsii.

53
Q

Commercial available Trichoderma

54
Q

Commercial available Bacillus thuringiensis

55
Q

A nematode trapping fungus

A

Arthrobotrys oligospora

56
Q

Mycoparasite of Puccinia tritici

A

Darluca filum

57
Q

Fusarium oxysporum is a mycoherbicide.

True or False

58
Q

Fusarium oxysporum works against a plant parasitic flowering plant ________.

59
Q

Virus against bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

60
Q

Phages available in the market to suppress bacterial diseases in plants (2)

A
  1. Agriphage
  2. Biolyze
61
Q

It is used as control for spot of tomato bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicartoria and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato causing bacterial speck of tomato.

62
Q

A bacteriophage-based wash solution to protect potato tubers from bacterial soft rot during storage.

63
Q

It is the Scottish company that produced Agriphage and Biolyze

A

APS Biocontrol

64
Q

Can capture, kill, and digest nematodes using mycelial structures called traps or spores.

A

Nematophagous fungi

65
Q

Nematophagous fungi can use hyphal tips to attack nematode eggs and form cysts before penetration into the nematode cuticle.

True or False

66
Q

A fungus that infects the burrowing nematode of banana.

A

Paecilomyces lilacinus

67
Q

Burrowing nematode of banana - Scientific name

A

Radopholus similis

68
Q

Commercially available Paecilomyces lilacinus

69
Q

Curcolionid beetle (*Cytrobagous salviniae) eats _______________.

A

Salvinia molesta

70
Q

Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata against ____________.

A

Chromolaena odorata

71
Q

In 1965, the town of Dalby in Queensland, Australia erected a monument dedicated to _______________ for saving the people of Queensland from the scourge of invasive prickly pear cactus.

A

Cactoblastis cactorum

72
Q

Attributes of a good BCA (6)

A
  1. Good searching capacity
  2. Highly prolific
  3. Highly specific to the target pest
  4. Short life cycle
  5. Highly adaptive, can establish where it is introduced
  6. Can be mass-produced in the lab
73
Q

Strategies of Biological control (2)

A
  1. Importation
  2. Augmentation
  3. Conservation biological control
74
Q

It is sometimes called the Classical Biological Control

A

Importation

75
Q

It is defined as the introduction of a natural enemy of exotic origin to control a pest that is usually also exotic, aiming at permanent control of the pest.

A

Importation

76
Q

The insect that is the predator of Icerya purchasi.

A

Vedalia beetle / Rodolia cardinalis

77
Q

It is the periodic release of a natural enemy that does not occur naturally in sufficient numbers to keep a pest population below damaging levels.

A

Augmentation

78
Q

It is defined as the supplemental release of additional numbers of a natural enemy to boost naturally occurring population.

A

Augmentation

79
Q

Techniques used in biocontrol field releases in augmentation (2)

A
  1. Inoculative release
  2. Inundative release
80
Q

Technique where relatively few natural enemies may be released at a critical time of the season such as in greenhouse production of several crops.

A

Inoculative release

81
Q

Technique that involves releasing large numbers of natural enemies for immediate reduction of a damaging or near damaging pest population.

A

Inundative release

82
Q

Technique that can be achieved by flooding the crop with multiple releases of insectary-reared natural enemies.

A

Inundative release

83
Q

Thousands of eggs of the Trichogramma evanescens are glued onto ___________ and released to corn fields for the control of Ostrinia furnacalis

A

Tricho cards

84
Q

The _______________ gave tricho cards to farmers to control Asian corn borer populations.

A

Department of Agriculture Biocontrol Laboratories

85
Q

_______ trichocards recommended per ha of corn field done in three successive weeks estimated to contain 300,000 parasitoids only.

86
Q

_________ eggs are glued to the Tricho cards.

87
Q

Strategy of biological control that involves supporting populations of natural enemies already present in the agroecosystem and promoting their effectiveness as predators, parasitoids, or pathogens.

A

Conservation biological control

88
Q

Ways to conserve natural enemies (6)

A
  1. Protection from pesticides
  2. Avoidance of harmful cultural practices
  3. Provide alternate host of natural enemies
  4. Provide artificial shelter
  5. Maintenance of diversity of necessary hosts
  6. Reduction of undesirable predators
89
Q

Advantages of Biological Control (5)

A
  1. Low cost
  2. Safe to use
  3. Environmentally friendly
  4. Self-perpetuating
  5. Achievement of stable pest control
90
Q

Disadvantages of biological control (4)

A
  1. Affected by adverse environmental conditions
  2. Area of coverage could be limited

3.Less than 100% control (???)

  1. Not complementary with chemical pesticides since they are susceptible to chemicals.
91
Q

yawa mo tanan

92
Q

Uwagan?

A

EDWARDROMEORAGONOT

93
Q

Uwagan?

A

EDWARDROMEORAGONOT

Idk (2024-2025) (40 decks)

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