AnSc C04 Flashcards
What enterprises can you focus on in small ruminants
production of breeders
production of slaughter goats
production of chevon-based products
production of dairy-based products
marketing of forage and humus
buck for hire
placed last in distribution of goat inventory
eastern visayas
first in distribution of goat inventory
central visayas
what are the meat type goat breeds
boer & philippine native goat
has reddish brown head and neck with white body and legs
boer
lactation period of boer
200 days
True or False
The Philippine Native Goat has 29% twinning rate.
True
Lactation period of Philippine Native Goat
187 days
Average milk production of boer
1-1.5 liters
What is the % for kidding rate of philippine native goat
81
What are the dairy type goat breeds
- saanen
- toggenburg
- la mancha
- nubian/anglo-nubian
- alpine
- obershali
known as the queen of dairy goats
saanen
sturdy vigourous and long life ; light to dark chocolate with distinct white markings and has 2 white stripes down the muzzle
toggenburg
what is the % kidding rate and twinning incidence for anglo-nubian
Kidding rate = 82%
Twinning incidence = 62%
True or False
The lactation period for toggenburg is 300 days
False. Toggenburg’s lactation period is 220 days
La mancha’s ears are called ____ (one inch) or ____ (two inches)
gopher ear ; elf ear
Lactation period of saanen
280 days
- Has excellent dairy temperament
- Has short or no ears
- Produce quality milk with high
butterfat and protein over a long
period of time
La mancha
True or False
La mancha can be milked for two years without being freshened
True
- Large, proud, and graceful dairy goat
- High quality, high butterfat, milk production
- black, gray, cream, white shades of tan, reddish
brown, facial stripes
anglo-nubian
- Large animal with alert eyes and
erect ears - Has good milking ability
- Milk is made into butter, cheese,
soap, ice cream - Has high milk nutritional content
than Saanen
alpine
anglo-nubian can lactate for how many days
250 days
Sought after for its abundant production
of milk
Oberhasli
- Developed by Bureau of Agricultural Research
(DA-BAR) - Standardized recording and evaluation of system was developed
- Advertised outstanding production performance and pedigree of registered goats
Philippine Goat Breed
Registry
Meat Sheep Breeds
Cheviot, Dorset, Hampshire, Montadale
Long Wool Sheep Breeds
Border Leicester, Coopworth,
Cotswold, Lincoln
Fine Wool Sheep Breeds
American Cormo, Booroola Merino,
Deboullet, Delaine-Merino
Dual Purpose Breeds
Miniature Brecknock, Columbia,
Corriedale, Panama
Hair Sheep Breeds
American Blackbelly, Barbados Blackbelly,
California Red, Dorper
Minor Sheep Breeds
Black Welsh Mountain, Blueface
- Has a white body and a black
face that stands strong and square - A composite terminal sire
breed with fast growth and ease of finishing, with improved
carcase conformation
Aberblack
The aberblack breed is developed by?
Innovis
- Distinctive for its completely black
face and downturned ears - Produce quality lambs with good
conformation and growth rates - Can be ready for market earlier,
resulting in reduced input costs - It markets the females as
having high milk output, hard hooves and easy lambing traits
Suffolk
True or False
The suffolk breed is developed by crossing Southdown rams and Norfolk Horn ewes in the Bury St Edmunds area of Suffolk, England
True
The breed is a total shedding breed and requires no shearing, crutching or mulesing. It is this characteristic that gives it the feature of being a unique easy care breed.
White Dorper
This breed has proven resistance to internal parasites
St. Croix
St. Croix ewes reach sexual maturity at?
six or seven months
- meat is described as having an excellent, mild
flavor, likely due to it having less fat - thrive in the hot, humid environments
- Low-maintenance as it does not require shearing
Barbados Black Belly
True or False
Barbados black belly naturally sheds their wool yearly
True
What are the typical traits that goat
producers are aiming for
Growth rate
Conformation such as feet, udder, and jaw
Frame size
Carcass and meat characteristics
Fertility and fecundity
Ease of kidding
Mothering ability
Temperament
Milk production
Physical characteristics such as skin color
Removal of less productive goats must be done through?
culling
Kidding interval for pure breed and native
pure breed = 240 days
native = 210-260 days
What is the estrous cycle of goats
18-24 days (average 21 days)
True or False
A goat’s estrus cycle lasts 20-40 hours
False. A goat’s estrus cycle is 16-50 hours
What is the gestation length for goats
147-155 days (average 150 days)
Age at puberty: ___
Breeding age: ____
Sexual maturity in Doe: ____
120 days to 1 year
8-9 months
1 year
the visible exterior
segment of the reproductive tract,
located beneath the tail and
immediately below the anus.
vulva
Cranial to the vagina, it is a firm structure and forms the joint between the vagina and the uterus. It is about one to one-half inches long,
contains about five cervical rings or
folds, and is referred to as the neck of
the uterus
cervix
What are the signs of heat in goats
- Bleating continuously
- The vulva may become swollen, reddened and may appear moist, dirty or muddy due to mucus discharge from the reproductive tract
- Doe urinate small amounts of urine frequently
- A clear, stringy mucus discharge may be seen from the vulva (may mat hair in perineal area)
- The doe displays restlessness
- Mount other goats and stand to be mounted
How do you properly restrain a doe to ensure it is in heat?
The hindquarters should be held up by holding the rear legs with flexed hocks to allow easy access to the reproductive tract.
Where should you apply the lubricant?
speculum
What is the purpose of applying lubricant to the speculum and inserting it into the doe’s reproductive tract?
to check the nature of mucus in the vagina
True or False
Vaginal mucus does not change during heat
False
At the beginning of heat, ____ is present. As heat progresses, the mucus is ____ and found on the floor of the vagina. Towards the end of
heat the mucus is ____
very little mucus ; transparent ; cloudy
When is the best time to inseminate a doe?
Towards the end of its heat
The AI should be just before or when the mucus turns cloudy – usually ____ after start of heat
12 - 15h
At what temperature and for how long should you thaw the straw in the thawing bath?
35 to 40°C ; 30 to 45 seconds
What is the next procedure after thawing the straw?
- Remove straw from thaw bath, wipe it dry, and shake the air bubble to the end of the straw that will be cut.
- Load the semen straw into a warmed, dry, clean AI gun.
True or False
Semen is best deposited deep into the cervix or uterine body.
True
How far should you advance the AI gun through the rings of the cervix
1 to 1.5 inches
What BCS in goats is considered in good condition
BCS 3
BCS 5 or ___
Spinous process:
Rib Cage:
Loin eye:
Obese
1. smooth, no individual vertebra can be felt
2. individual ribs cannot be felt. No separation of ribs felt.
3. thick fat covering; may be lumpy and jiggly
BCS 1 or ____
Spinous process:
Rib cage:
Loin eye:
Very thin
1. easy to see and feel, sharp
2. easy to feel and can feel under
3. no fat covering
BCS 3 or ____
Spinous process:
Rib cage:
Loin eye:
Good condition
1. smooth and rounded
2. smooth, even feel
3. smooth, even fat cover
BCS 4 or ____
Spinous process:
Rib cage:
Loin eye:
Fat
1. can feel with firm pressure, no points can be felt
2. individual ribs cant be felt, but can still feel indent between ribs
3. thick fat
BCS 2 or ____
Spinous process:
Rib cage:
Loin eye:
Thin
1. easy to feel but smooth
2. smooth, slightly rounded, need to use slight pressure
3. smooth, even fat cover
What is the ideal BCS for breeding buck, pregnant doe, and kidding?
3.0 - 3.5
What is the ideal BCS for lactating doe
2.0 - 2.5
What is the term for pregnancy toxemia in goats
ketosis
True or False
Buck contributes 50 percent of the
genetic makeup of every kid born
True
At what age are bucks considered an adult
2 years old
A good breeding buck can mate with ___ within ___.
3 does ; 30 minutes
What is the term for kidding difficulty
dystocia
What is a sure sign a goat is in heat
Doe will stand and allow the buck
to breed her (standing in heat)
At what stage in parturition does the doe isolate itself from the flock
Stage 1
At what stage in parturition is the lamb/kid ejected
Stage 2
Examples of female reproductive diseases in goats
brucellosis and vibriosis
It is the reduced calcium levels during late gestation
Hypocalcemia
Stage 3 in parturition involves:
1.
2.
- expulsion of the placenta
- involution of the uterus
Kinds of breeding systems
- hand mating
- pen breeding
- artificial insemination
- inbreeding
- line breeding
- straight breeding
- cross breeding
This breeding system relies on the male to detect females in heat.
pen breeding
Mating of within family members
inbreeding
what is the purpose of inbreeding
- To increase uniformity (prepotency)
- To create an opportunity for hybrid vigor within breeds
This method involves selecting the buck/ram for the doe/ewe and mating them.
pen breeding
This breeding system introduces superior genetics cost-effectively
artificial insemination
Mating of close relatives
line breeding
True or False
straight breeding is the mating of unrelated breed
False. The answer is crossbreeding
mating of unrelated animal of the same breed
straight breeding
the condition where the offspring
show more vigor or growth than the average of the parents
heterosis
12.5% native ; 12.5% AN ; 25% Alpine ; 50% Toggenburg
F1 = 50% N ; 50% AN
F2 = 25% N ; 25% AN ; 50% Alpine
F3 = 12.5% N ; 12.5% AN ; 25% Alpine ; 50% Toggenburg
12.5% N ; 12.5% La Mancha ; 75% Saanen
F1 = 50% N ; 50% La Mancha
F2 = 25% N ; 25% La Mancha ; 50% Saanen
F3 = 12.5% N ; 12.5% La Mancha ; 75% Saanen
True or False
Saanen x Native cross has the largest heart girth
False. It is the Boer x Native cross
True or False
Anglo Nubian x Native goat cross is bigger than the Boer x Native or the Saanen x Native cross
True
The three-way cross goats are consisted of what breeds?
50% Boer, 37.5% Anglo Nubian, and 12.5% native
Where was the three-way cross goats developed?
Central Luzon State University
Disadvantages of Artificial insemination
- The cost of hiring a technician
2 . The cost of equipment (such as a liquid nitrogen tank)
3 . The buck is better in detecting heat than a person
When should you breed the doe if its heat period length is:
24h
36h
48h
72h
24 hr = As soon as the doe shows estrus
36 hr = Within 12 hr of estrus
48 hr = 24 hr after estrus
72 hr = 48 hr after estrus
types of goat production system
- tethering
- extensive production system
- intensive production system
- semi-intensive production system
- Usual method in goat raising in Asia
- Animals are transferred once or twice daily to new areas with free access to forage
tethering
intensive production system employs what system
cut and carry system
- Grazing is limited and stall-feeding of
cut grass and/ or tree leaves is
practiced. - Favored where labor is limited for
intensive production - Goats are allowed to 2-4 hours of
grazing and then returned to the farm
in the afternoon.
semi-intensive production system
- Goats are usually kept in small herds of 5-10 animal
- Animals are allowed to freely
grazed from early morning to late in the afternoon then herded at night - Limited stall feeding of either rice straw or cut grass is provided during shelter time
extensive production system
- Complete confinement is practiced
- Supplementation of concentrates is
depended on the kind of available
forages
intensive production system
Essential for record-keeping and
identification.
identification
what type of identification are neck chains and ear tags
temporary identification
Permanent identification includes
- Tattooing
- Earnotching
- Branding
Removal of the horn buds when the kids are about three weeks old
disbudding
cover the burnt area from dehorning with ___
vaseline
True or False
All buck kids not intended for breeding
should be castrated
True
At what age is it best to castrate the goat
2-4 weeks old
What do you use to castrate on bucks beyond 4 months old
emasculator
At what age can you wean the kids
not less than 3 months
Why should you separate buck weanlings from breeding herd
to avoid premature breeding
Why should you separate buck from milking herd
to avoid taint in the milk
Classification of Common Feed Ingredients for Ruminants
- roughages
- concentrates
- feed additives
- mineral supplements
- vitamins’ supplements
These are chemical compounds that are included in animal rations but do not supply nutrients to the animals (natural antibacterial/antimicrobial, etc.).
feed additives
True or False
Concentrates are feeds that have a comparatively high digestibility
True
The dietary vitamin requirements of
ruminants like goats are relatively simple due to the nature of feeds
vitamin supplements
These are feeds containing relatively large amounts of fiber or digestible material
roughages
examples of concentrates
rice bran, corn bran, bone meal, molasses
The function of mineral elements in
goats is to provide structural support for the body
mineral supplements
examples of roughages
legumes, ipil-ipil, napier
This is the most popular grain used for feeds. High in total digestible nutrients, low in fiber, and higher in fat.
corn
Called “tiki-tiki”
rice bran
This is what is left of the coconut
meat after the oil has been removed or extracted.
copra meal
This is very similar to corn in feed
value except that is lower in fat.
sorghum
A by-product of corn milling industry. It consist of broken grains of corn and bran, rich in protein.
corn bran
This is a by-product after
extracting the soybean oil.
soybean oil meal
This is practically all carbohydrates
with only 3% crude protein.
molasses
As a leaf meal, it contains 21% crude
protein.
ipil-ipil
True or False
Feed records is a type of record keeping
True
types of record keeping
- production records
- reproduction and breeding records
- herd health and diseases records
- feed records
common infectious diseases of goats
brucellosis, foot and mouth diseases, mastitis
