Genetics Module 2.1 (Concepts) Flashcards
It is the science of inheritance and is the process of passing on traits or characteristics from parents to offspring or from generation to generation
Heredity
It is the physical and functional unit of heredity
gene
complete set of genetic information in an organism
genome
variant forms of genes or alternative versions of genes, which can occur in pairs or multiple forms and affect the expression of one trait or phenotypic appearance
alleles
the fixed location or position on a strand of DNA where a gene or allele is located, and it’s the specific address of the gene or allele on a chromosome or DNA strand
locus
refers to the genetic composition of an individual
genotype
refer to all the observable traits or characteristics in an organism, and it’s the result of the expression of the genotype
phenotype
Genotype depends on ____ while phenotype depends on _____
ploidy level ; genetic composition
When can a recessive allele express its phenotype?
when it is present in a homozygous recessive form
Who discovered the basic principles of heredity through his experiments with pea plants?
Gregor Mendel
a breeding experiment that involves only one trait of interest
monohybrid cross
considers two traits of interest, such as the coloration of a flower and the height of the plant
dihybrid cross
states that when parents with contrasting traits are crossed, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation, with the dominant allele controlling the phenotypic expression
law of dominance
States that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other, ensuring that each offspring attains only one gene or one factor. Also known as the first law of inheritance
law of segregation
Which phase does Mendel’s law of segregation occur
anaphase I & anaphase II
