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Idk (2024-2025) > CPRT Lec 5 - Genetic Control of Insect Pests > Flashcards

CPRT Lec 5 - Genetic Control of Insect Pests Flashcards

yagballs

1
Q

It is the manipulation of genetic components or other inheritance mechanisms in an organism.

A

Genetic Control

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2
Q

Most widely used technique of Genetic Control

A

Sterile Male Technique/ Sterile Insect Technique

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3
Q

This procedure involves mass-rearing insects, subjecting them to sterilization by irradiation or chemical mutagens, and releasing large numbers of males to mate with wild females

A

SMT/SIT

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4
Q

Example of chemical sterilant

A

tris-(1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide

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5
Q

is tris-(1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide carcinogenic?

A

Yes lol and should be used with caution

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6
Q

When was SIT developed?

A

1940s and 1950s

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7
Q

Which insects did SIT programs have effectively eradicated?

A

Screwworm in North and Central America; Mediterranean Fruit Fly in Florida;

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8
Q

What suppresed fruit fly populations in mangoes?

A

Sterile Insect Technique and Male Annihilation Technique

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9
Q

Im which area/institution were fruit fly populations suppresed in mangoes?

A

Guimaras, Iloilo with collaboration of Philippine Nuclear Research Institute and National Mango Research and Development Center

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10
Q

Is the heritable property that enables a plant to inhibit pest population growth or recover from an injury caused by populations not inhibited from groing

A

Resistance

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11
Q

How are genes from wild relatives of crops utilized?

A

deployed in different crops to make the plants resistant

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12
Q

considered a false resistance or pseudo resistance because it is under the primary control of the crop’s environment.

A

Ecological resistance

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13
Q

right and real resistance because it is governed by resistance genes inherent to various introduced cources

A

Genetic resistance

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14
Q

2 types of Ecological Resistance

A

Phenological asynchrony and Induced Resistance

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15
Q

In ______, the crop/s susceptible stage does’nt coincide with the pest population’s peak such that the plant escapes the damage

A

Phenological asynchrony

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16
Q

________ is brought by the plant’s proper care such as fertilization and other practices that make them resistant to insect pest attack

A

Induced Resistance

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17
Q

A type of resistance under the primary control of the plants’genetic factors and is consiered real resistance

A

Genetic resistance

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17
Q

Three mechanisms of insect resistance (Painter 1951)

A

non-preference, antibiosis, and tolerance

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17
Q

Non-preference was later named ____ by Kogan and Ortman (1978)

A

Antixenosis

17
Q

Occurs when a pest is less likely to find or feed on a resistant plant

A

Antixenosis

18
Q

Occurs when feeding on a resistant plant harms the pest’s health or fitness

A

Antibiosis

19
Q

Occurs when a plant can continue to thrive despite being attacked

A

Tolerance

20
Q

Defined as the host plant’s ability to exclude or overcome a pathogen’s effect entirely or to some degree

A

Host Plant Resistance

21
Q

The use of ____, if available, is perhaps the best pest control method for managing pest and disease problems

A

Resistant varieties

22
Q

Rice tungro disease-resistant lines were also released by NSIC (formerly Philippine Seed Board) under the popular name:

A

Matatag Lines

23
Q

also called as passive type resistance

A

Pre-formed resistance

24
Q

also called as active type resistance

A

Induced resistance

25
Q

the host plant’s ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of pathogen multiplication so it can still have its normal yield despite disease infection.

A

Tolerance

26
Q

Examples of pre-formed resistance mechanisms?

A
  • Structural barriers (thick plant cuticle, waxy cuticle, partially closed stomates)
27
Q

Includes mechanical barriers, hypersensitive reaction, phytoalexin production, toxic metabolite production against pathogen, detoxification of toxins made by the pathogen

A

Induced resistance

28
Q

is the rapid localized death of host cells around the invading pathogen. It results in confinement and even death of the pathogen

A

Hypersensitive reaction

29
Q

substance produced by the infected plant that inhibits development of a pathogen

A

Phytoalexin

30
Q

Plants infected with one pathogen become more resistant to subsequent infection by another pathogen

A

Systemic acquired resistance

31
Q

Parts of the pathogens that can induce plant’s resistance

A

Plant defense activators/ resistance elicitors

32
Q

When a mild strain of a virus when inoculated to a healthy plant can protect the plant from an aggressive strain of the same virus, the phenomenon is called

A

Cross-protection

33
Q

Examples of identified plant defense activators

A
  • Chitosan, isalicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), dichloroisonicotinic acid
34
Q

is effective in inducing resistance of tomato bacterial wilt, rice bacterial blight, and abaca bacterial heart rot

A

Chitosan

35
Q

If the resistance gene to be transferred is dominant, it takes at least _______ within ____

A

four backcrossing rounds within seven seasons

36
Q

If the gene is recessive, this process requires more generations of selfing, thus ______

A

nine or more cropping seasons

37
Q

short cut method of introgressing or transferring a pest resistance gene from a donor to an elite one

A

Genetic engineering of crops

37
Q

it introduces specific DNA sequences into crop plants to enhance insect pests’ resistance

A

Genetic engineering of crops

37
Q

Factors needed for Gene Insertion/ Gene Transfer

A
  • Gene (gun)
  • Bacterial vehicle (Agrobacterium tumeraciens)
  • or a chemical/electrical treatment (electroporation)
38
Q

Engineers must also insert a “prmoter” gene from a virus as part of the package to make the inserted gene ___

A

express itself

39
Q

What gene was genetically inserted to Bt corn and Bt cotton?

A

Cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis

40
Q

Bt corn and Bt cottons confers resistance against

A

Corn borer and cotton bollworm

41
Q

PRSV-resistant (Hawaiian) transgenic papaya variety SUnUp was developed by

A

somatic embryos with the coat protein (CP) gene of the Hawaiian papaya ringspot virus strain

Idk (2024-2025) (40 decks)

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