fluid stuff Flashcards
How does fluid distribution in compartments remain constant in healthy adults?
Fluid distribution stays constant as solutes shift within the body, maintaining a balance between compartments.
What conditions can alter fluid distribution in the body?
Medical conditions like heart failure and sepsis can alter fluid distribution in the body, leading to imbalances such as edema.
How does the distribution of total body fluid change with age?
Total body fluid decreases with age: Newborns (70-80%), Children (65%), Adults (60%).
What is the relationship between body fat and total body water?
Adipose tissue is hydrophobic; individuals with more body fat have less total body water.
What are the common ways the body loses water?
Water is lost through urination, stooling, and insensible losses like sweating and breathing.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
What is filtration?
Filtration is the passage of molecules through a membrane by physical force.
What are the functions of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures?
Hydrostatic pressure pushes water out of the capillaries, and oncotic pressure pulls water back in, balancing fluid movement.
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure and its clinical example?
Capillary hydrostatic pressure pushes water and solutes from the capillary to the interstitial space. Example: High blood pressure pushes water out.
What is capillary oncotic pressure and its clinical example?
Capillary oncotic pressure pulls water and solutes from the interstitial space into the capillary. Example: Low oncotic pressure can lead to edema.
What is interstitial hydrostatic pressure and its function?
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure pushes water and solutes from the interstitial space back into the capillary, with some draining into the lymphatic system.
What is interstitial oncotic pressure and its function?
Interstitial oncotic pressure pulls water and solutes from the capillary into the interstitial space, largely due to albumin’s role.
What are the four places water/solutes can go once in the interstitial space?
- Absorbed into cells 2. Reabsorbed into bloodstream 3. Stay in interstitial space 4. Move into lymphatic system.
What is edema and what are its classifications?
Edema is the excess accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. Classifications include 1st space (normal), 2nd space (mild edema), and 3rd space (pitting edema).
