blood background - Sheet1 Flashcards
What is the primary function of albumin in blood?
Maintaining capillary oncotic pressure.
Which serum protein is involved in the inflammatory response?
Globulin.
What is the role of fibrinogen in blood?
Blood clot formation.
Which serum protein is crucial for forming blood clots?
Prothrombin.
What happens to plasminogen, and why is it important?
It is converted to plasmin, which breaks down blood clots; this process prevents perfusion issues.
What are the two major components of blood?
Plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%).
What is the main component of plasma?
Water.
Name some circulating solutes found in plasma.
Electrolytes, nutrients, waste products, gases, glucose, and lipids.
What are the formed elements in blood?
Platelets, leukocytes (WBCs), and erythrocytes (RBCs).
What is hematopoiesis, and where does it primarily occur?
Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells, primarily occurring in the bone marrow.
What is the difference between red and yellow bone marrow?
Red marrow contains blood stem cells, producing RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, while yellow marrow contains fat and stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells.
Which bones in adults contain active bone marrow?
Pelvic bones, vertebrae, cranium and mandible, sternum and ribs, humerus, and femur.
What stimulates the production and release of erythropoietin?
Hypoxia, due to causes such as decreased RBCs, decreased hemoglobin synthesis, decreased blood flow, hemorrhage, or increased O2 consumption by tissues.
Where is erythropoietin produced, and what is its effect?
Produced by peritubular cells in the kidney; it stimulates the bone marrow to increase RBC production and release.
What is thrombopoietin’s role in hematopoiesis?
Thrombopoietin stimulates the production of platelets from megakaryocytes.
