Diabetes Flashcards
Agents used in the management of diabetes:
a. metformin increases insulin secretion
a. False, Metformin decreases blood glucose levels by decreasing hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis), decreasing the intestinal absorption of glucose, and increasing insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization
Agents used in the management of diabetes:
b. insulin glargine has a faster onset of action than insulin aspart
b. False, insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting. Insulin glargine and determir are long-acting insulin
Agents used in the management of diabetes:
c. rosiglitazone is an insulin sensitizer
c. True, Thiazolidinediones such as Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone and biguanides (metformin) are insulin sensitizers
Agents used in the management of diabetes:
d. repeated insulin injections at the same site causes abnormal fat distribution
d. True
Agents used in the management of diabetes:
e. orally ingested alcohol potentiates the hypoglycaemic effect of insulin
e. True, Alcohol, Salicylates and β adrenoceptor antagonists all potentiate hypocalcaemia effects
In the treatment of diabetes:
a. insulin increases glucose uptake by tissue cells
a. True
In the treatment of diabetes:
b. gliclazide inhibits the release of endogenous insulin
b. False, Sulfonylureas (Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Glipazide and Glimepiride) and Meglitinides (Repaglinide and Nateglanide) are insulin secretagogues
In the treatment of diabetes:
c. metformin is prescribed when no endogenous insulin is present in the patient
c. False, metformin increases insulin sensitivity. Thus, with no endogenous insulin, it will have no effect
In the treatment of diabetes:
d. metformin increases the lactic acidosis
d. True
In the treatment of diabetes:
e. insulin is administered orally
e. False, IM or Subcut
In the treatment of diabetes:
a. insulin aspart has a shorter duration of action than insulin isophane
a. True, insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting and insulin isophane is an intermediate acting insulin
In the treatment of diabetes:
b. insulin inhibits uptake of glucose into cells
b. False, insulin Regulates glucose metabolism,
- Inhibits the release of glucagon
- ↑ lipogenesis
- ↓ Lipolysis
- ↑ amino acid transport into cell
- ↓ blood levels of glucose, free fatty acids and ketones
In the treatment of diabetes:
c. insulin is contraindicated in pregnancy
c. False, safe in pregnancy
In the treatment of diabetes:
d. insulin is preferred to oral glibenclamide following major surgery
d. True, glibenclamide is CI post major surgery, or any physiological stressful procedure
In the treatment of diabetes:
e. repeated subcutaneous use of insulin at the same site causes lipodystrophy
e. True
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
a.
metformin increases the risk of lactic acidosis in geriatric patients
a. True, increases risk of lactic acidosis
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
b.
metformin increases the uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle
b. True,
- ↓ hepatic glucose production, fasting insulin
- ↑ insulin sensitivity
- ↓ TG, FFA and LDL levels
- ↑ HDL levels
- ↓ risk for the development of macrovascular complications
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
c.
gliclazide inhibits release of endogenous insulin
c. False, Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides are insulin secretagogues
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
d.
rosiglitazone reduces cellular insulin resistance
d. True, Thiazolidinediones are insulin sensitizers
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
e.
glibenclamide causes an increase in plasma glucose levels
e. False, Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides are insulin secretagogues and therefore will decrease plasma glucose levels
Type 1 diabetes
a. in the treatment of ketoacidosis, soluble insulin is administered intravenously
a. True
Type 1 diabetes
b. insulin aspart has a more rapid onset of action than insulin glargine
b. True, insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting and insulin glargine is long acting
Type 1 diabetes
c. insulin aspart is safe to use during breastfeeding
c. True, insuline is the drug of choice in pregnancy
Type 1 diabetes
d. insulin decreases lipogenesis
d. False, insulin
- Regulates glucose metabolism
- Inhibits the release of glucagon
- ↑ lipogenesis
- ↓ Lipolysis
- ↑ amino acid transport into cells
- ↓ blood levels of glucose, free fatty acids and ketones
Type 1 diabetes
e. carvedilol masks the symptoms of hypoglycaemia
e. True, beta blockers mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
a. sitagliptin is an inducer of dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)
A. False, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, and Saxagliptin are inhibitors of dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
b. glibenclamide has a longer duration of action than gliclazide
B. True, Glibenclamide Glimepiride are long acting and Glipizide Gliclazide are short acting secretagogues
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
c. rosiglitazone is an α-glucosidase inhibitor
C. False, rosiglitazone is an insulin sensitizer
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
d. gliclazide is more likely to cause lactic acidosis than metformin
D. False, metformin causes lactic acidosis
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
e. gliclazide is safe to use in combination with metformin
E. True, often used together
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to? 1. Metformin
- Biguanide
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to? 2. Acarbose
- α-glucosidase inhibitor
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to? 3. Glibenclimide
- sulfonylurea
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to? 4. dapagliflozin
- SGLT-2 inhibitor
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to? 5. rosiglitazone
- Thiazolidinediones
Which of the following statements are true regarding insulin?
a. Insulin is contra-indicated in pregnancy
a. False
Which of the following statements are true regarding insulin?
b. Insulin is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia
b. False
Which of the following statements are true regarding insulin?
c. Propranolol masks the hypoglycemic effects of insulin
c. True
In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus
a. in patients with pneumonia, insulin requirements are increased
a. True
In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus
b. insulin aspart is contraindicated during pregnancy
b. False
In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus
c. regular insulin has a longer duration of action than insulin glargine
c. False
In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus
d. repeated subcutaneous use of insulin at the same injection site causes lipodystrophy
d. True
In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus
e. the basal bolus regimen confers a tighter glycaemic control than the twice daily regimen
e. True
In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
a. gliclazide is an α-glucosidase inhibitor
a. False, secretagogue
In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
b. metformin causes insulin release from the pancreas
b. False, insulin sensitizer
In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
c. rosiglitazone increases insulin resistance
c. False, insulin sensitizer
In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
d. sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor
d. True
In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
e. liraglutide is administered subcutaneously
e. True
