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Pharm Final > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Agents used in the management of diabetes:

a. metformin increases insulin secretion

A

a. False, Metformin decreases blood glucose levels by decreasing hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis), decreasing the intestinal absorption of glucose, and increasing insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization

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2
Q

Agents used in the management of diabetes:

b. insulin glargine has a faster onset of action than insulin aspart

A

b. False, insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting. Insulin glargine and determir are long-acting insulin

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3
Q

Agents used in the management of diabetes:

c. rosiglitazone is an insulin sensitizer

A

c. True, Thiazolidinediones such as Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone and biguanides (metformin) are insulin sensitizers

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4
Q

Agents used in the management of diabetes:

d. repeated insulin injections at the same site causes abnormal fat distribution

A

d. True

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5
Q

Agents used in the management of diabetes:

e. orally ingested alcohol potentiates the hypoglycaemic effect of insulin

A

e. True, Alcohol, Salicylates and β adrenoceptor antagonists all potentiate hypocalcaemia effects

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6
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

a. insulin increases glucose uptake by tissue cells

A

a. True

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7
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

b. gliclazide inhibits the release of endogenous insulin

A

b. False, Sulfonylureas (Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Glipazide and Glimepiride) and Meglitinides (Repaglinide and Nateglanide) are insulin secretagogues

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8
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

c. metformin is prescribed when no endogenous insulin is present in the patient

A

c. False, metformin increases insulin sensitivity. Thus, with no endogenous insulin, it will have no effect

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9
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

d. metformin increases the lactic acidosis

A

d. True

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10
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

e. insulin is administered orally

A

e. False, IM or Subcut

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11
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

a. insulin aspart has a shorter duration of action than insulin isophane

A

a. True, insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting and insulin isophane is an intermediate acting insulin

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12
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

b. insulin inhibits uptake of glucose into cells

A

b. False, insulin Regulates glucose metabolism,
- Inhibits the release of glucagon
- ↑ lipogenesis
- ↓ Lipolysis
- ↑ amino acid transport into cell
- ↓ blood levels of glucose, free fatty acids and ketones

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13
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

c. insulin is contraindicated in pregnancy

A

c. False, safe in pregnancy

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14
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

d. insulin is preferred to oral glibenclamide following major surgery

A

d. True, glibenclamide is CI post major surgery, or any physiological stressful procedure

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15
Q

In the treatment of diabetes:

e. repeated subcutaneous use of insulin at the same site causes lipodystrophy

A

e. True

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16
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

a.
metformin increases the risk of lactic acidosis in geriatric patients

A

a. True, increases risk of lactic acidosis

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17
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents
b.
metformin increases the uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle

A

b. True,
- ↓ hepatic glucose production, fasting insulin
- ↑ insulin sensitivity
- ↓ TG, FFA and LDL levels
- ↑ HDL levels
- ↓ risk for the development of macrovascular complications

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18
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents
c.
gliclazide inhibits release of endogenous insulin

A

c. False, Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides are insulin secretagogues

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19
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents
d.
rosiglitazone reduces cellular insulin resistance

A

d. True, Thiazolidinediones are insulin sensitizers

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20
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents
e.
glibenclamide causes an increase in plasma glucose levels

A

e. False, Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides are insulin secretagogues and therefore will decrease plasma glucose levels

21
Q

Type 1 diabetes

a. in the treatment of ketoacidosis, soluble insulin is administered intravenously

A

a. True

22
Q

Type 1 diabetes

b. insulin aspart has a more rapid onset of action than insulin glargine

A

b. True, insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting and insulin glargine is long acting

23
Q

Type 1 diabetes

c. insulin aspart is safe to use during breastfeeding

A

c. True, insuline is the drug of choice in pregnancy

24
Q

Type 1 diabetes

d. insulin decreases lipogenesis

A

d. False, insulin
- Regulates glucose metabolism
- Inhibits the release of glucagon
- ↑ lipogenesis
- ↓ Lipolysis
- ↑ amino acid transport into cells
- ↓ blood levels of glucose, free fatty acids and ketones

25
Q

Type 1 diabetes

e. carvedilol masks the symptoms of hypoglycaemia

A

e. True, beta blockers mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia

26
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

a. sitagliptin is an inducer of dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)

A

A. False, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, and Saxagliptin are inhibitors of dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)

27
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

b. glibenclamide has a longer duration of action than gliclazide

A

B. True, Glibenclamide Glimepiride are long acting and Glipizide Gliclazide are short acting secretagogues

28
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

c. rosiglitazone is an α-glucosidase inhibitor

A

C. False, rosiglitazone is an insulin sensitizer

29
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

d. gliclazide is more likely to cause lactic acidosis than metformin

A

D. False, metformin causes lactic acidosis

30
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

e. gliclazide is safe to use in combination with metformin

A

E. True, often used together

31
Q 
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to?
1.	Metformin
A
  1. Biguanide
32
Q 
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to?
2.	Acarbose
A
  1. α-glucosidase inhibitor
33
Q 
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to?
3.	Glibenclimide
A
  1. sulfonylurea
34
Q 
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to?
4.	dapagliflozin
A
  1. SGLT-2 inhibitor
35
Q 
Which class do each of the following diabetic agents belong to?
5.	rosiglitazone
A
  1. Thiazolidinediones
36
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding insulin?
a. Insulin is contra-indicated in pregnancy

A

a. False

37
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding insulin?
b. Insulin is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia

A

b. False

38
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding insulin?
c. Propranolol masks the hypoglycemic effects of insulin

A

c. True

39
Q

In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus

a. in patients with pneumonia, insulin requirements are increased

A

a. True

40
Q

In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus

b. insulin aspart is contraindicated during pregnancy

A

b. False

41
Q

In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus

c. regular insulin has a longer duration of action than insulin glargine

A

c. False

42
Q

In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus

d. repeated subcutaneous use of insulin at the same injection site causes lipodystrophy

A

d. True

43
Q

In the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus

e. the basal bolus regimen confers a tighter glycaemic control than the twice daily regimen

A

e. True

44
Q

In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus

a. gliclazide is an α-glucosidase inhibitor

A

a. False, secretagogue

45
Q

In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus

b. metformin causes insulin release from the pancreas

A

b. False, insulin sensitizer

46
Q

In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus

c. rosiglitazone increases insulin resistance

A

c. False, insulin sensitizer

47
Q

In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus

d. sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor

A

d. True

48
Q

In the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus

e. liraglutide is administered subcutaneously

A

e. True

Pharm Final (25 decks)

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