ANS Flashcards
1
Q
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
a. adrenaline - anaphylactic shock
A
a. True, adrenaline is indicated for anaphylaxis and in combination with local anaesthetics
2
Q
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
b. atropine - organophosphate poisoning
A
b. True, atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and will block the action of organophosphates
3
Q
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
c. dopamine - hypertension
A
c. False, indicated for: Cardiogenic & septic shock, acute hypotension, severe heart failure
4
Q
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
d. neostigmine - myasthenia gravis
A
d. True
5
Q
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
e. phenylephrine - rebound hyperaemia
A
e. False, indicated as nasal decongestant agent and in hypotension
6
Q
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs
a. β1-adrenoceptor agonists cause bradycardia
A
a. False, tachycardia
7
Q
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs
b. β2-adrenoceptor agonists cause bronchoconstriction
A
b. False, bronchodilation
8
Q
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs
c.α1-adrenoceptor blockers cause vasodilation
A
c. True, alpha 1 stimulation causes vsm constriction, so inhibition will cause dilation
9
Q
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs
d. α2-adrenoceptor agonists cause vasodilation
A
d. True, cause dilation by inhibiting NE release
10
Q
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs
e. muscarinic receptor stimulation causes tachycardia
A
e. False, bradycardia
11
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:
a. tremor
A
a. True
12
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine
b. bradycardia
A
b. False, tachycardia (NE release)
13
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:
c. diarrhoea
A
c. False (nausea and vomiting, no diarrhoea)
14
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:
d. addiction
A
d. True
15
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:
e. hypotension
A
e. False, hypertension due to NE release
16
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include:
a. dry mouth
A
a. True, antimuscarinic
17
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include
b. bradycardia
:
A
b. False, tachycardia antimuscarinic
18
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include
c. diarrhoea
A
c. False, constipation
19
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include:
d. abdominal spasms
A
d. False, its used as an antispasmodic
20
Q
Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include:
e. urinary retention :
A
e. True, antimuscarinic
21
Q
Bisoprolol is:
a. a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker
A
a. False, bisoprolol is a B1 selective blocker. (olol = Beta blocker)
22
Q
Bisoprolol is:
b. used for the treatment of cardiac failure
A
b. False, bisoprolol is indicated for hypertension, angina, and myocardial infarction
23
Q
Bisoprolol is:
c. used to control hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetics
A
c. False, beta blockers cause hypoglycaemia as an adverse effect
24
Q
Bisoprolol is:
d. contraindicated in asthma
A
d. True, beta blockers cause bronchospasm as an A/E and are contraindicated in asthma
25
Bisoprolol is:
| e. more β1-selective at higher doses
e. False, at higher doses adrenergic drugs cross react
26
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
| a. hyoscine - irritable bowel syndrome
A. True, hyoscine is an antimuscarinic drug indicated for IBS and as an antispasmodic
27
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
| b. atropine - decongestant
B. False, atropine is a muscarinic antagonist used to produce mydriasis, as an antispasmodic, anti-secretory, bradycardia and as treatment for organophosphate poisoning
28
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
| c. neostigmine - Myasthenia gravis
C. True, Reversible ACETYLCHOLINE ESTERASE INHIBITORS used to treat myasthenia gravis
29
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
| d. phenylephrine - glaucoma
D. False, phenylephrine is a nasal decongestant
30
ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use
| e. salbutamol – asthma
E. True, salbutamol is a b2 agonist used in the treatment of asthma
31
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs
| a. β1 adrenoceptor agonists cause bradycardia
A. False, B1 agonists will cause tachycardia
32
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs
| b. β2 adrenoceptor antagonists cause bronchodilation
B. False, B2 adrenoceptor agonists will cause bronchodilation
33
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs
| c. α1 adrenoceptor blockers cause vasodilation
C. True, Antagonism of alpha 1 adrenoceptors results in dilation of arteries, vein
34
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs
| d. α2 adrenoceptor agonists cause vasodilation
D. True, alpha 2 agonists inhibit NE release causing vasodilation
35
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs
| e. muscarinic receptor antagonists cause tachycardia
E. True, muscarinic effects are rest and digest so inhibiting these effects will cause sympathetic effects
36
Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine include
| a. dry Mouth
A. False, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause salivation
37
Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine include
| b. bradycardia
B. True, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause bradycardia
38
Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine
| c. miosis
C. True, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause miosis
39
Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine include
| d. bronchoconstriction
D. Ture, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause bronchoconstriction
40
Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine include
| e. urinary retention
E. False, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause excessive urination
41
Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
a. pilocarpine - inhibits muscarinic receptors
A. False, pilocarpine is a muscarinic agonist
42
Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
b. dopamine - stimulates β1 adrenoreceptors
B. True, dopamine stimulates B1 receptors at high doses and at even higher doses stimulates A1
43
Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
c. salmeterol - inhibits β2 adrenoreceptors
C. False, salmeterol is a B2 agonist
44
Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
d. pseudoephedrine - stimulates α1 adrenoreceptors
D. True, causes the release of stored NE which will cause A and B receptor stimulation
45
Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
e. phenylephrine - inhibits α1 adrenoreceptors
E. False, A1 agonist used as a nasal decongestant
46
Adrenaline
| a. causes bronchoconstriction
A. False, agonist at B2 receptors cause bronchodilation
47
Adrenaline
| b. decreases heart rate
B. False, agonist at B1 receptors increase HR
48
Adrenaline
| c. blocks alpha-1-adrenoreceptors
C. False, agonist at alpha1 receptors
49
Adrenaline
| d. stimulates beta-2adrenoreceptors
D. True
50
Adrenaline
| e. increases plasma glucose levels
E. True, adrenaline produces an increase in blood sugar and increases glycogenolysis in the liver
51
Atropine
| a. is an antagonist at muscarinic receptors
A. True, Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
52
Atropine
| b. increases sweating
B. False, sweating is a cholinergic effect, and atropine is anticholinergic
53
Atropine
| c. causes diarrhoea
C. False, atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and will cause dry mouth, blurred vision, “sandy eyes”, tachychardia ,urinary retention, constipation
54
Atropine
| d. causes mydriasis
D. True, atropine is used to causes mydriasis in eye exams
55
Atropine
| e. is used to treat organophosphate poisoning
E. True
56
Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:
| a. neostigmine - myasthenia gravis
A. True
57
Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:
| b. ipratropium bromide - Alzheimer’s Diseases
B. False, asthma
58
Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:
| c. phenylephrine- nasal congestion
C. True
59
Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:
| d. carvedilol - orthostatic hypotension
D. False, hypertension and non-acute congestive heart failure
60
Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:
| e. doxazosin – benign prostatic hypertrophy
E. True
61
Propranolol
| a. is a selective alpha-1-adrenoceptor antagonist
a. False. Propranolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
62
Propranolol
| b. crosses the blood brain barrier
b. True, used in migraine prevention
63
Propranolol
| c. has a higher bioavailability after oral administration than atenolol
c. False, atenolol is 6-16% protein bound. Propranolol is90% protein bound
64
Propranolol
| d. causes hypotension as an adverse effect
d. False,, non-selective Bblocker, therefore will cause bradycardia
65
Propranolol
| e. is used in the treatment of essential tremor
e. True , non-selective beta blocker
66
Adrenaline
| a is a more selective alpha-1-adrenoceptor agonist than doxazosin
a. True, doxazosin is an alpha 1 Antagonist
67
Adrenaline
| b is administered orally in the treatment of anaphylaxis
b. False, IM
68
Adrenaline
| c causes bradycardia as an adverse effect
c. False, tachycardia
69
Adrenaline
| d increases the duration of action of lignocaine
d. True, causes vasoconstriction (Alpha 1 antagonism) localizing the lignocaine
70
Adrenaline
| e is used to increase blood pressure in the treatment of septic shock
e. False, dopamine is used to treat BP in septic shock
71
Neostigmine
| A decreases the concentration of acetycholine at the neuromuscular junction
a. False, neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Therefore, will increase the concentration of Ach
72
Neostigmine
| B is used in the treatment of myasthaenia gravis
b. True
73
Neostigmine
| C causes constipation as as an adverse effect
c. False, causes diarrhoea
74
Neostigmine
| D is used for the reversal of non-depolarsing blockade in anaesthesia
d. True
75
Neostigmine
| E causes mydriasis as an adverse effect
e. False, miosis
76
Adrenaline
| a. is an antagonist at beta-adrenoceptors
a. False, agonist
77
Adrenaline
| b. is used in the treatment of septic shock
b. False, not used in shock
78
Adrenaline
| c. causes tachyarrythmias as an adverse effect
c. True, stimulation of the adrenoceptors
79
Adrenaline
| d. has a positive chronotropic effect on the heart
d. True, stimulation of B1 receptors will increase HR (positive chronotropic effect)
80
Adrenaline
| e. is contraindicated in the treatment of anaphylaxis
e. False, is indicated for the treatment of anaphylaxis
81
Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system
| a. neostigmine is effective in relieving abdominal pain in patients with mechanical bowel obstruction
a. False, neostigmine is Ach-E inhibitor. Therefore, will increase PNS activity. Need an anticholinergic drug like hyoscine
82
Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system
| b. neostigmine is used to reverse non-depolarising neuromuscular blockade
b. True
83
Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system
| c. pilocarpine increases intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma
c. False, decreases intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma
84
Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system
| e. atropine causes xerostomia as an adverse effect
e. True, dry mouth, blurred vision, “sandy eyes”, tachychardia , urinary retention, constipation
85
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| a. salbutamol is a beta-2 adrenoceptor antagonist
a. False, salbutamol is a B2 agonist indicated for the relief of asthmatic symptoms
86
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| b. doxazosin decreases total peripheral resistance
b. True, doxazosin is a A1 antagoinist and will therefore, inhibit VSM contraction. This will decrease TPR
87
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| c. prolonged use of topical phenylephrine causes rebound congestion of the nasal mucosa
c. True
88
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| d. phenylephrine is used to reverse hypotension during spinal anaesthesia
d. True, Phenylephrine injections are indicated to treat hypotension caused by shock or anesthesia
89
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| e. oxymetazoline is contraindicated in the treatment of acute rhinitis
e. False, is indicated to treat congestion caused by acute rhinitis
90
Sympathetic Nervous System
| a. salbutamol causes a tremor as an adverse effect
a. True, salbutamol causes restlessness, tremor, tachychardia or arrythmia
91
Sympathetic Nervous System
| b. propranolol is used in the prophylaxis of migraine headache
b. True
92
Sympathetic Nervous System
| c. propranolol has an oral bioavailability of greater than 95%
c. False, Approximately 90% of propranolol is protein bound in plasma.
93
Sympathetic Nervous System
| d. salbutamol increases plasma glucose levels in diabetics
d. True, Metabolic effects such as hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia also may occur with salbutamol use, although it is not known whether these effects are mediated by beta-1 or beta-2 receptors.
94
Sympathetic Nervous System
| e. propranolol is an agonist at beta-1-adrenoceptors
e. False, propranolol is a non-selective beta adrenoceptor antagonist
95
Anticholinergic drugs
| a. atropine causes miosis in the eye
a. False, Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. This will cause mydriasis, antispasmodic, anti-secretory, and bradycardia
96
Anticholinergic drugs
| b. ipratropium bromide is preferred to atropine in the treatment of asthma
b. True
97
Anticholinergic drugs
| c. atropine has greater affinity for nicotinic receptors than muscarinic receptors
c. False, Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
98
Anticholinergic drugs
| d. oxybutinin reduces the frequency of detrusor muscle contractions of the bladder
d. True
99
Anticholinergic drugs
| e. biperiden is contraindicated in the treatment of drug-induced acute dystonia
e. False, indicated to treat drug-induced acute dystonia
100
Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS
| a. adrenaline increases cAMP levels in the heart
a. True, increased cAMP will stimulate Beta adrenoceptors
101
Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS
| b. alpha-methyldopa is an antagonist at alpha-1 adrenoceptors
b. False, alpha-2 agonist indicated for hypertension in pregnancy
102
Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS
| c. propranolol increases blood flow to the fingers
c. False, propranolol will cause peripheral vasoconstriction
103
Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS
| d. phenylephrine is used to treat arrhythmias
d. False, phenylephrine is indicated as a decongestant, hypotensive and mydriatic
104
Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS
| e. doxazosin increases the risk of orthostatic hypotension
e. True, doxazosin is a alpha 1 selective antagonist and will therefore, cause postural hypotension
105
The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
a. physostigmine: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
a. True
106
The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
b. atropine: muscarinic receptor agonist
b. False, muscarinic receptor antagonist
107
The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
c. propranolol: beta-adrenoceptor blocker
c. True
108
The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
d. ipratropium bromide: muscarinic receptor blocker
d. True
109
The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
e. salmeterol: beta-1-adrenoceptor blocker
e. False, LABA
110
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| a. timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocker
a. True
111
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| b. prazosin is a selective beta-2-adrenoceptor agonist
b. False, alpha 1 selective
112
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| c. pseudoephedrine releases norepinephrine (noradrenaline) from nerve endings
c. True
113
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| d. bisoprolol is a ganglionic blocker
d. False, b1 blocker
114
Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system
| e. salbutamol blocks beta-1-adrenoceptors
e. False, b2 agonist
