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Pharm Final > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

a. adrenaline - anaphylactic shock

A

a. True, adrenaline is indicated for anaphylaxis and in combination with local anaesthetics

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2
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

b. atropine - organophosphate poisoning

A

b. True, atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and will block the action of organophosphates

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3
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

c. dopamine - hypertension

A

c. False, indicated for: Cardiogenic & septic shock, acute hypotension, severe heart failure

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4
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

d. neostigmine - myasthenia gravis

A

d. True

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5
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

e. phenylephrine - rebound hyperaemia

A

e. False, indicated as nasal decongestant agent and in hypotension

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6
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs

a. β1-adrenoceptor agonists cause bradycardia

A

a. False, tachycardia

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7
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs

b. β2-adrenoceptor agonists cause bronchoconstriction

A

b. False, bronchodilation

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8
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs

c.α1-adrenoceptor blockers cause vasodilation

A

c. True, alpha 1 stimulation causes vsm constriction, so inhibition will cause dilation

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9
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs

d. α2-adrenoceptor agonists cause vasodilation

A

d. True, cause dilation by inhibiting NE release

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10
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Systemic Drugs

e. muscarinic receptor stimulation causes tachycardia

A

e. False, bradycardia

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11
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:

a. tremor

A

a. True

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12
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine

b. bradycardia

A

b. False, tachycardia (NE release)

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13
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:

c. diarrhoea

A

c. False (nausea and vomiting, no diarrhoea)

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14
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:

d. addiction

A

d. True

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15
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:

e. hypotension

A

e. False, hypertension due to NE release

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16
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include:

a. dry mouth

A

a. True, antimuscarinic

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17
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include
b. bradycardia

:

A

b. False, tachycardia antimuscarinic

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18
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include

c. diarrhoea

A

c. False, constipation

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19
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include:

d. abdominal spasms

A

d. False, its used as an antispasmodic

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20
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include:

e. urinary retention :

A

e. True, antimuscarinic

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21
Q

Bisoprolol is:

a. a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker

A

a. False, bisoprolol is a B1 selective blocker. (olol = Beta blocker)

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22
Q

Bisoprolol is:

b. used for the treatment of cardiac failure

A

b. False, bisoprolol is indicated for hypertension, angina, and myocardial infarction

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23
Q

Bisoprolol is:

c. used to control hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetics

A

c. False, beta blockers cause hypoglycaemia as an adverse effect

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24
Q

Bisoprolol is:

d. contraindicated in asthma

A

d. True, beta blockers cause bronchospasm as an A/E and are contraindicated in asthma

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25
Q

Bisoprolol is:

e. more β1-selective at higher doses

A

e. False, at higher doses adrenergic drugs cross react

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26
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

a. hyoscine - irritable bowel syndrome

A

A. True, hyoscine is an antimuscarinic drug indicated for IBS and as an antispasmodic

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27
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

b. atropine - decongestant

A

B. False, atropine is a muscarinic antagonist used to produce mydriasis, as an antispasmodic, anti-secretory, bradycardia and as treatment for organophosphate poisoning

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28
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

c. neostigmine - Myasthenia gravis

A

C. True, Reversible ACETYLCHOLINE ESTERASE INHIBITORS used to treat myasthenia gravis

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29
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

d. phenylephrine - glaucoma

A

D. False, phenylephrine is a nasal decongestant

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30
Q

ANS drug correctly matched with clinical use

e. salbutamol – asthma

A

E. True, salbutamol is a b2 agonist used in the treatment of asthma

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31
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs

a. β1 adrenoceptor agonists cause bradycardia

A

A. False, B1 agonists will cause tachycardia

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32
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs

b. β2 adrenoceptor antagonists cause bronchodilation

A

B. False, B2 adrenoceptor agonists will cause bronchodilation

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33
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs

c. α1 adrenoceptor blockers cause vasodilation

A

C. True, Antagonism of alpha 1 adrenoceptors results in dilation of arteries, vein

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34
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs

d. α2 adrenoceptor agonists cause vasodilation

A

D. True, alpha 2 agonists inhibit NE release causing vasodilation

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35
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - systemic drugs

e. muscarinic receptor antagonists cause tachycardia

A

E. True, muscarinic effects are rest and digest so inhibiting these effects will cause sympathetic effects

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36
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine include

a. dry Mouth

A

A. False, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause salivation

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37
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine include

b. bradycardia

A

B. True, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause bradycardia

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38
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine

c. miosis

A

C. True, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause miosis

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39
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine include

d. bronchoconstriction

A

D. Ture, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause bronchoconstriction

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40
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine include

e. urinary retention

A

E. False, Neostigmine will exacerbate PNS effects and thus cause excessive urination

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41
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
a. pilocarpine - inhibits muscarinic receptors

A

A. False, pilocarpine is a muscarinic agonist

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42
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
b. dopamine - stimulates β1 adrenoreceptors

A

B. True, dopamine stimulates B1 receptors at high doses and at even higher doses stimulates A1

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43
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
c. salmeterol - inhibits β2 adrenoreceptors

A

C. False, salmeterol is a B2 agonist

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44
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
d. pseudoephedrine - stimulates α1 adrenoreceptors

A

D. True, causes the release of stored NE which will cause A and B receptor stimulation

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45
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs acting at the autonomic nervous system
e. phenylephrine - inhibits α1 adrenoreceptors

A

E. False, A1 agonist used as a nasal decongestant

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46
Q

Adrenaline

a. causes bronchoconstriction

A

A. False, agonist at B2 receptors cause bronchodilation

47
Q

Adrenaline

b. decreases heart rate

A

B. False, agonist at B1 receptors  increase HR

48
Q

Adrenaline

c. blocks alpha-1-adrenoreceptors

A

C. False, agonist at alpha1 receptors

49
Q

Adrenaline

d. stimulates beta-2adrenoreceptors

50
Q

Adrenaline

e. increases plasma glucose levels

A

E. True, adrenaline produces an increase in blood sugar and increases glycogenolysis in the liver

51
Q

Atropine

a. is an antagonist at muscarinic receptors

A

A. True, Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

52
Q

Atropine

b. increases sweating

A

B. False, sweating is a cholinergic effect, and atropine is anticholinergic

53
Q

Atropine

c. causes diarrhoea

A

C. False, atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and will cause dry mouth, blurred vision, “sandy eyes”, tachychardia ,urinary retention, constipation

54
Q

Atropine

d. causes mydriasis

A

D. True, atropine is used to causes mydriasis in eye exams

55
Q

Atropine

e. is used to treat organophosphate poisoning

56
Q

Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:

a. neostigmine - myasthenia gravis

57
Q

Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:

b. ipratropium bromide - Alzheimer’s Diseases

A

B. False, asthma

58
Q

Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:

c. phenylephrine- nasal congestion

59
Q

Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:

d. carvedilol - orthostatic hypotension

A

D. False, hypertension and non-acute congestive heart failure

60
Q

Drugs correctly matched with their indication of use:

e. doxazosin – benign prostatic hypertrophy

61
Q

Propranolol

a. is a selective alpha-1-adrenoceptor antagonist

A

a. False. Propranolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

62
Q

Propranolol

b. crosses the blood brain barrier

A

b. True, used in migraine prevention

63
Q

Propranolol

c. has a higher bioavailability after oral administration than atenolol

A

c. False, atenolol is 6-16% protein bound. Propranolol is90% protein bound

64
Q

Propranolol

d. causes hypotension as an adverse effect

A

d. False,, non-selective Bblocker, therefore will cause bradycardia

65
Q

Propranolol

e. is used in the treatment of essential tremor

A

e. True , non-selective beta blocker

66
Q

Adrenaline

a is a more selective alpha-1-adrenoceptor agonist than doxazosin

A

a. True, doxazosin is an alpha 1 Antagonist

67
Q

Adrenaline

b is administered orally in the treatment of anaphylaxis

A

b. False, IM

68
Q

Adrenaline

c causes bradycardia as an adverse effect

A

c. False, tachycardia

69
Q

Adrenaline

d increases the duration of action of lignocaine

A

d. True, causes vasoconstriction (Alpha 1 antagonism) localizing the lignocaine

70
Q

Adrenaline

e is used to increase blood pressure in the treatment of septic shock

A

e. False, dopamine is used to treat BP in septic shock

71
Q

Neostigmine

A decreases the concentration of acetycholine at the neuromuscular junction

A

a. False, neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Therefore, will increase the concentration of Ach

72
Q

Neostigmine

B is used in the treatment of myasthaenia gravis

73
Q

Neostigmine

C causes constipation as as an adverse effect

A

c. False, causes diarrhoea

74
Q

Neostigmine

D is used for the reversal of non-depolarsing blockade in anaesthesia

75
Q

Neostigmine

E causes mydriasis as an adverse effect

A

e. False, miosis

76
Q

Adrenaline

a. is an antagonist at beta-adrenoceptors

A

a. False, agonist

77
Q

Adrenaline

b. is used in the treatment of septic shock

A

b. False, not used in shock

78
Q

Adrenaline

c. causes tachyarrythmias as an adverse effect

A

c. True, stimulation of the adrenoceptors

79
Q

Adrenaline

d. has a positive chronotropic effect on the heart

A

d. True, stimulation of B1 receptors will increase HR (positive chronotropic effect)

80
Q

Adrenaline

e. is contraindicated in the treatment of anaphylaxis

A

e. False, is indicated for the treatment of anaphylaxis

81
Q

Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system

a. neostigmine is effective in relieving abdominal pain in patients with mechanical bowel obstruction

A

a. False, neostigmine is Ach-E inhibitor. Therefore, will increase PNS activity. Need an anticholinergic drug like hyoscine

82
Q

Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system

b. neostigmine is used to reverse non-depolarising neuromuscular blockade

83
Q

Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system

c. pilocarpine increases intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma

A

c. False, decreases intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma

84
Q

Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system

e. atropine causes xerostomia as an adverse effect

A

e. True, dry mouth, blurred vision, “sandy eyes”, tachychardia , urinary retention, constipation

85
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

a. salbutamol is a beta-2 adrenoceptor antagonist

A

a. False, salbutamol is a B2 agonist indicated for the relief of asthmatic symptoms

86
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

b. doxazosin decreases total peripheral resistance

A

b. True, doxazosin is a A1 antagoinist and will therefore, inhibit VSM contraction. This will decrease TPR

87
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

c. prolonged use of topical phenylephrine causes rebound congestion of the nasal mucosa

88
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

d. phenylephrine is used to reverse hypotension during spinal anaesthesia

A

d. True, Phenylephrine injections are indicated to treat hypotension caused by shock or anesthesia

89
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

e. oxymetazoline is contraindicated in the treatment of acute rhinitis

A

e. False, is indicated to treat congestion caused by acute rhinitis

90
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

a. salbutamol causes a tremor as an adverse effect

A

a. True, salbutamol causes restlessness, tremor, tachychardia or arrythmia

91
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

b. propranolol is used in the prophylaxis of migraine headache

92
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

c. propranolol has an oral bioavailability of greater than 95%

A

c. False, Approximately 90% of propranolol is protein bound in plasma.

93
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

d. salbutamol increases plasma glucose levels in diabetics

A

d. True, Metabolic effects such as hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia also may occur with salbutamol use, although it is not known whether these effects are mediated by beta-1 or beta-2 receptors.

94
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

e. propranolol is an agonist at beta-1-adrenoceptors

A

e. False, propranolol is a non-selective beta adrenoceptor antagonist

95
Q

Anticholinergic drugs

a. atropine causes miosis in the eye

A

a. False, Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. This will cause mydriasis, antispasmodic, anti-secretory, and bradycardia

96
Q

Anticholinergic drugs

b. ipratropium bromide is preferred to atropine in the treatment of asthma

97
Q

Anticholinergic drugs

c. atropine has greater affinity for nicotinic receptors than muscarinic receptors

A

c. False, Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

98
Q

Anticholinergic drugs

d. oxybutinin reduces the frequency of detrusor muscle contractions of the bladder

99
Q

Anticholinergic drugs

e. biperiden is contraindicated in the treatment of drug-induced acute dystonia

A

e. False, indicated to treat drug-induced acute dystonia

100
Q

Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS

a. adrenaline increases cAMP levels in the heart

A

a. True, increased cAMP will stimulate Beta adrenoceptors

101
Q

Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS

b. alpha-methyldopa is an antagonist at alpha-1 adrenoceptors

A

b. False, alpha-2 agonist indicated for hypertension in pregnancy

102
Q

Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS

c. propranolol increases blood flow to the fingers

A

c. False, propranolol will cause peripheral vasoconstriction

103
Q

Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS

d. phenylephrine is used to treat arrhythmias

A

d. False, phenylephrine is indicated as a decongestant, hypotensive and mydriatic

104
Q

Cardiovascular drugs and the SNS

e. doxazosin increases the risk of orthostatic hypotension

A

e. True, doxazosin is a alpha 1 selective antagonist and will therefore, cause postural hypotension

105
Q

The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
a. physostigmine: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

106
Q

The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
b. atropine: muscarinic receptor agonist

A

b. False, muscarinic receptor antagonist

107
Q

The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
c. propranolol: beta-adrenoceptor blocker

108
Q

The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
d. ipratropium bromide: muscarinic receptor blocker

109
Q

The following drugs are correctly paired with their mechanism of action
e. salmeterol: beta-1-adrenoceptor blocker

A

e. False, LABA

110
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

a. timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocker

111
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

b. prazosin is a selective beta-2-adrenoceptor agonist

A

b. False, alpha 1 selective

112
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

c. pseudoephedrine releases norepinephrine (noradrenaline) from nerve endings

113
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

d. bisoprolol is a ganglionic blocker

A

d. False, b1 blocker

114
Q

Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system

e. salbutamol blocks beta-1-adrenoceptors

A

e. False, b2 agonist

Pharm Final (25 decks)

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