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Pharm Final > Anti-retrovirals > Flashcards

Anti-retrovirals Flashcards

1
Q

In the treatment of HIV

a. indinavir prevents the synthesis of HIV DNA

A

A. False. Indinavir is a protease inhibitor

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2
Q

In the treatment of HIV

b. zidovudine is a protease inhibitor

A

B. False, zidovudine is nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

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3
Q

In the treatment of HIV

c. lopinavir causes hyperlipidaemia as an adverse effect

A

C. True, PI cause insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, diarrhea, dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, atherosclerosis, hepatitis, osteoporosis, osteonecrosis as AEs

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4
Q

In the treatment of HIV

d. zidovudine is more likely to cause anaemia than lamivudine

A

D. True. Zidovudine is the big one.

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5
Q

In the treatment of HIV

e. didanosine is used to treat stavudine-induced lactic acidosis

A

E. False, didanosine and stavudine greatly increase the risk of lactic acidosis

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6
Q

In the management of HIV

a. tenofovir is a HIV nucleotide reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibitor (NRTI)

A

A. True

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7
Q

In the management of HIV

b. ritonavir causes inhibition of CYP3A4

A

B. True. Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4

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8
Q

In the management of HIV

c. lopinavir inhibits the action of HIV protease

A

C. True

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9
Q

In the management of HIV

d. nevirapine inhibits DNA gyrase

A

D. False, nevirapine is a NNRTI and inhibits reverse transcriptase. Fluoroquinolones inhibit DNA gyrase

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10
Q

In the management of HIV

e. rifampicin increases the plasma levels of lopinavir

A

E. False, lopinavir is metabolised by CYP3A4 enzymes, which are induced by rifampicin

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11
Q

Lopinavir + ritonavir combination

a. inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase

A

A. False, PI inhibit HIV protease

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12
Q

Lopinavir + ritonavir combination

b. induces cytochrome P450 enzymes

A

B. False. The role of ritonavir in this combination is to act as a pharmacokinetic, enhancer, inhibiting CYP3A4 hence inhibit the metabolism of lopinavir

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13
Q

Lopinavir + ritonavir combination

c. causes insulin resistance as an adverse effect

A

C. True, PIs cause insulin resistance

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14
Q

Lopinavir + ritonavir combination

d. is a protease inhibitor

A

D. True

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15
Q

Lopinavir + ritonavir combination

e. causes lipodystrophy

A

E. True, Pis cause lipodystrophy

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16
Q

In the treatment of HIV

a. nevirapine is a direct inhibitor of reverse transcriptase

A

A. False, NNRTIs are indirect inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (allosteric inhibition)

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17
Q

In the treatment of HIV

b. lamivudine causes peripheral neuropathy as an adverse effect

A

B. True, NRTIs cause peripheral neuropathy as an adverse effect

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18
Q

In the treatment of HIV

c. efavirenz requires phosphorylation to its active form

A

C. False, NNRTIs don’t require phosphorylation

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19
Q

In the treatment of HIV

d. tenofivir is contraindicated in severe renal failure

A

D. True, tenofovir (TDF) causes nephrotoxicity

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20
Q

In the treatment of HIV

e. zidovudine is a cytosine analogue

A

E. False, thymidine analogue

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21
Q

In the treatment of HIV:

a. nevirapine is hepatotoxic

A

a. True. NNRTIs are hepatoxic

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22
Q

In the treatment of HIV:

b. efavirenz causes sleep disturbances

23
Q

In the treatment of HIV:

c. nevirapine increases the risk of Stevens Johnson syndrome

24
Q

In the treatment of HIV:

d. efavirenz is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A

d. False, NNRTI

25
Q

In the treatment of HIV:

e. nevirapine is used in combination with lamivudine as part of triple therapy

A

e. True, in neonates give Zidovudine (AZT) + Lamivudine (3TC) + Nevirapine (NVP)

26
Q

Lamivudine

a. is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A

a. False. NRTI

27
Q

Lamivudine

b. causes peripheral neuropathy as an adverse effect

A

b. True, NRTIs causes peripheral neuropathy

28
Q

Lamivudine

c. is more toxic to the mitochondrion than zidovudine

A

c. False, zidovudine, didansoine and stavudine are the most toxic towards mitochondria. Mitochondrial toxicity is characterised by: peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, lipodystrophy syndrome, hepatic steatosis and myopathy

29
Q

Lamivudine

d. is used in combination with emtricitabine

A

d. False, either Emtricitabine (FTC) or Lamivudine (3TC)

30
Q

Lamivudine

e. has activity against Hepatitis B

31
Q

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

a. efivarenz is hepatotoxic

32
Q

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

b. efivarenz is safe to use in patients with schizophrenia

A

b. False, cause neurocognitive impairment

33
Q

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

c. nevirapine causes Stevens Johnson syndrome

34
Q

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

d. efivarenz induces cytochrome P450 enzymes

A

d. False, metabolised by CYP450 enzymes.

35
Q

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

e. efivarenz and nevirapine are combined as part of triple therapy in HIV

A

e. False, triple therapy includes 2 NRTIs + NNRTI/ Integrase inhibitor.

36
Q

Tenofovir

a. is contraindicated in patients with advance kidney disease

A

a. True, nephrotoxic

37
Q

Tenofovir

b. is used in combination with lamivudine as part of triple therapy in HIV

38
Q

Tenofovir

c. compared to zidovudine, has a higher risk for causing lactic acidosis

A

c. False, both cause

39
Q

Tenofovir

d. is a protease reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A

d. False, NRTI

40
Q

Tenofovir

e. is a nucleotide anologue of adenosine

41
Q

tenofovir is an HIV protease inhibitor

A

False, NRTI

42
Q

lamivudine causes peripheral neuropathy as an adverse effect

43
Q

zidovudine inhibits reverse transcriptase

44
Q

nevirapine causes hepatotoxicity as an adverse effect

45
Q

lopinavir decreases blood glucose levels

A

False

Increases

46
Q

Antiretroviral agents

a. zidovudine inhibits reverse transcriptase

A

a. true, NRTI

47
Q

Antiretroviral agents

b. nevirapine prevents the synthesis of viral DNA

A

b. true, NNRTI

48
Q

Antiretroviral agents

c. efavirenz is contraindicated during pregnancy

A

c. False, indicated, dolutegravir is risky

49
Q
  1. In the management of HIV

a. tenofovir is a HIV nucleotide reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibitor (NRTI)

50
Q

In the management of HIV

b. ritonavir causes inhibition of CYP3A4

51
Q

In the management of HIV

c. lopinavir inhibits the action of HIV protease

52
Q

In the management of HIV

d. nevirapine inhibits DNA gyrase

A

d. False, NNRTI

53
Q

In the management of HIV

e rifampicin increases the plasma levels of lopinavir

A

e. False, induces p450 enzymes

Pharm Final (25 decks)

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