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Pharm Final > CVS > Flashcards

CVS Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretics

a. furosemide works on the loop of Henle

A

a. True, furosemide is a high ceiling diuretic that Blocks the Na+/K+/Cl‐ co transporter in the ascending limb of loop of Henle.

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2
Q

Diuretics

b. hydrochlorothiazide causes hypokalaemia as an adverse-effect

A

b. True, hydrochlorothiazide causes hypokalaemia and hyperuricaemia as an adverse effect

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3
Q

Diuretics

c. amiloride causes hypokalaemia as an adverse-effect

A

c. False, amiloride is a potassium sparing diuretic and will therefore, cause hyperkalaemia.

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4
Q

Diuretics

d. indapamide is a high ceiling diuretic

A

d. False, indapamide and hydrochlorothiazide are low ceiling diuretics

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5
Q

Diuretics

e. spironolactone causes gynaecomastia as an adverse-effect

A

e. True, spironolactone inhibits testosterone synthesis and thus will cause gynaecomastia

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6
Q

Bisoprolol is:

a. a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker

A

a. False, bisoprolol is a B1 selective blocker. (olol = Beta blocker)

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7
Q

Bisoprolol is:

b. used for the treatment of cardiac failure

A

b. False, bisoprolol is indicated for hypertension, angina, and myocardial infarction

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8
Q

Bisoprolol is:

c. used to control hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetics

A

c. False, beta blockers cause hypoglycaemia as an adverse effect

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9
Q

Bisoprolol is:

d. contraindicated in asthma

A

d. True, beta blockers cause bronchospasm as an A/E and are contraindicated in asthma

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10
Q

Bisoprolol is:

e. more β1-selective at higher doses

A

e. False, at higher doses adrenergic drugs cross react

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11
Q

Antihypertensive drug correctly matched with its mechanism of action
a. amlodipine - calcium channel blockade

A

a. True, amlodipine is a long acting calcium channel blocker that only needs to be used once daily

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12
Q

Antihypertensive drug correctly matched with its mechanism of action
b. glyceryl trinitrate - blocks Na+/K+ exchange in the collecting duct

A

b. False, glyceryl trinitrate is a short acting organic nitrate. Increases cGMP levels as a nitric oxide donor.

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13
Q

Antihypertensive drug correctly matched with its mechanism of action
c. enalapril - angiotensin-1 to angiotensin-2 conversion blockade

A

c. True, enalapril is a long acting ACE inhibitor

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14
Q

Antihypertensive drug correctly matched with its mechanism of action
d. valsartan - blocks Na+/K+/Cl- transporter in the ascending limb

A

d. False, valsartan is a long acting angiotensin receptor blocker

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15
Q

Antihypertensive drug correctly matched with its mechanism of action
e. bezafibrate – HMG co-A reductase inhibitor .

A

e. False, bezafibrate is a fibrate and thus, Reduces the synthesis of VLDL and increases synthesis of HDL

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16
Q

Drugs correctly paired with a mechanism of their action

a. pilocarpine - stimulates muscarinic receptors

A

A. True, muscarinic agonist used in glaucoma

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17
Q

Drugs correctly paired with a mechanism of their action

b. amitriptyline - blocks muscarinic receptors

A

B. False, amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant.

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18
Q

Drugs correctly paired with a mechanism of their action

c. salbutamol - blocks alpha-2-adrenoreceptors

A

C. False, salbutamol is a B2 agonist

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19
Q

Drugs correctly paired with a mechanism of their action

d. doxazosin - stimulates beta-2-adrenoreceptors

A

D. False, doxazosin is an A1 antagonist

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20
Q

Drugs correctly paired with a mechanism of their action

e. neostigmine - inhibits acetylcholinesterase

A

E. True

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21
Q

The following drugs lower blood pressure in hypertension:

a. enalapril

A

a. True, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure in hypertension by decreasing TPR decreasing pre/afterload

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22
Q

The following drugs lower blood pressure in hypertension:

b. simvastatin

A

b. False, statins are indicated for the treatment of hyperlipidemia to reduce elevated total cholesterol (total-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and triglycerides (TG), and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

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23
Q

The following drugs lower blood pressure in hypertension:

c. aspirin

A

c. False, aspirin reduces the risk of clot formation

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24
Q

The following drugs lower blood pressure in hypertension:

d. indapamide

A

d. True, Thiazide-like diuretics such as indapamide are a valuable tool for the treatment of hypertension

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25
Q

The following drugs lower blood pressure in hypertension:

e. verapamil

A

e. True, calcium channel blockers reduce TPR and thus BP.

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26
Q

Cardiovascular agents

a. nifedipine causes tachycardia as an adverse effect

A

a. True, Vascular Selective Dihydropyridines- calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine and amlodipine can cause tachycardia

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27
Q

Cardiovascular agents

b. furosemide is used in the management of heart failure

A

b. True, Furosemide manages hypertension and edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome.

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28
Q

Cardiovascular agents

c. atenolol causes bradychardia as an adverse effect

A

c. True, atenolol is a beta blocker and thus will cause bradycardia

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29
Q

Cardiovascular agents

d. alpha Methyldopa is contra-indicated in pregnant patients with hypertension

A

d. False, alpha methyldopa is indicated for hypertension in pregnancy

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30
Q

Cardiovascular agents

e. losartan increases pre-load

A

e. False, ARBs lower blood pressure in hypertension by decreasing TPR decreasing pre/afterload

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31
Q

Diuretics

a. Indapamide is a potassium sparing diuretic

A

a. False, indapamide is a thiazide-like diuretic. Potassium sparing diuretics include amiloride and triamterene

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32
Q

Diuretics

b. Furosemide works on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

A

b. True, Furosemide promotes diuresis by blocking tubular reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal and distal tubules, as well as in the thick ascending loop of Henle

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33
Q

Diuretics

c. Hydrochlorothizide causes hyperkalemia as an adverse effect

A

c. False, thiazide like diuretics and loop diuretics cause hypokalaemia

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34
Q

Diuretics

d. Furosemide is used in the treatment of pulmonary oedema

A

d. True, Intravenous furosemide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in acute pulmonary edema when a rapid onset of diuresis is desired

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35
Q

Diuretics

e. amiloride increases the risk of hypokalaemia

A

e. False, amiloride is a potassium sparing diuretic and thus will cause hyperkalaemia

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36
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disease

a. atorvastatin increases the number of LDL cholesterol receptors in the liver

A

a. True, HMG Co A Reductase Inhibitors upregulate the number of LDL cholesterol receptors in the liver

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37
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disease

b. simvastatin increases the risk of developing myalgia

A

b. True, HMG Co A Reductase Inhibitors increase the risk of developing myalgia

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38
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disease

c. digoxin causes bradycardia

A

c. True, digoxin is indicated for arrythmia and acts by slowing HR. thus will cause bradycardia

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39
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disease

d. rosuvastatin increases the risk of developing rhabdomyolysis

A

d. True, HMG Co A Reductase Inhibitors increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis

40
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disease

e. verapimil is an ACE inhibitor

A

e. False, verapamil is a calcium channel blocker

41
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives

a. amlodipine is an angiotensin receptor blocker

A

a. False, calcium channel blocker

42
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives

b. alpha-methyldopa reduces sympathetic output from the vasomotor center

A

b. True, An alpha‐2 presynaptic agonist, Blocks the release of noradrenaline in the vasomotor centre, SNS activity falls.

43
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives

c. captopril increases tissue levels of bradykinin

A

c. True, captopril is an ACE inhibitor that Increases bradykinin, which is a vasodilator

44
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives

d. verapamil decreases entry of calcium into vascular smooth muscle

A

d. True, calcium channel blocker

45
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives

e. indapamide reduces total peripheral resistance

A

e. True, indapamide is thiazide diuretic that Is a low ceiling diuretic with a low dose response. In hypertension causes a drop in TPR after 2‐3 weeks of continued treatment.

46
Q

Diuretics

a. hydrochlorothiazide increases serum uric acid levels

A

a. True, thiazide diuretics causes hyperuricaemia

47
Q

Diuretics

b. the effect of aldosterone on the collecting duct is blocked by spironolactone

A

b. True, spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist

48
Q

Diuretics

c. amiloride is a potassium sparing diuretic

A

c. True, amiloride and triamterene are potassium sparing diuretics

49
Q

Diuretics

d. furosemide increases magnesium elimination in the kidney

A

d. True, a drop in serum magnesium has been reported with furosemide use

50
Q

Diuretics

e. furosemide increases NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

A

e. False, high ceiling diuretic that inhibits reabsorption in the ascending loop of henle

51
Q

In the treatment of angina

a. nifedipine increases total peripheral resistance

A

a. False, nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that is a potent peripheral vasodilation

52
Q

In the treatment of angina

b. atenolol decreases heart rate

A

b. True, atenolol is a B1 selective antagonist

53
Q

In the treatment of angina

c. glyceryl trinitrate decreases blood pressure

A

c. True, Increases cGMP levels as a nitric oxide donor which causes peripheral vasodilation. This decreases TPR decreasing BP

54
Q

In the treatment of angina

d. isosorbide mononitrate decreases venous capacitance

A

d. False, Increases cGMP levels as a nitric oxide donor. Mainly acts to increases venous capacitance. More blood is stored, less blood returns to the heart, EDP drops, wall stress decreases and therefore O2 consumptions falls down.

55
Q

In the treatment of angina

e. sublingual glyceryl trinitrate bypasses hepatic metabolism

A

e. True, sublingual administration won’t pass through the GIT

56
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

a. enalapril reduces preload in heart failure

A

a. True, ACE inhibitors decrease TPR and thereby decrease preload on the heart

57
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

b. valsartan is less likely than captopril to produce cough

A

b. True, valsartan does not produce bradykinin. Captopril does, which is an irritant

58
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

c. verapamil decreases the concentration of calcium in myocardial cells

A

c. True, calcium channel blocker such verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine and, amlodipine decrease the concentration of calcium in myocardial cells

59
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

d. indapamide increases potassium retention

A

d. False, indapamide causes hypokalaemia

60
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

e. isosorbide mononitrate decreases nitric oxide formation in vascular smooth muscle

A

e. False, nitric oxide donor

61
Q

Carvedilol

a. blocks alpha -1 adrenoceptors

A

a. True, carvedilol blocks alpha 1 and beta 1 receptors

62
Q

Carvedilol

b. blocks the action of noradrenaline on beta-1 adrenoceptors

A

b. True, carvedilol blocks alpha 1 and beta 1 receptors. The therapeutic efficacy of Epinephrine can be decreased when used in combination with Carvedilol.

63
Q

Carvedilol

c. is used in patients with chronic cardiac failure

A

c. True, indicated for non-acute congestive heart failure

64
Q

Carvedilol

d. causes tachycardia

A

d. False, alpha 1 and b1 antagonist. Will have negative inotropic effects

65
Q

Carvedilol

e. is safe to use in patients with type 1 diabetes

A

e. False, causes impaired blood glucose control

66
Q

Cholesterol lowering drugs

a. bezafibrate decreases the activity of lipoprotein lipase

A

a. True, the activity of triglyceride lipases (lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipoproteinlipase) involved in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins is increased by bezafibrate.

67
Q

Cholesterol lowering drugs

b. rosuvastatin decreases the synthesis of liver LDL-cholesterol receptors

A

b. False, Rosuvastatin acts primarily in the liver, where decreased hepatic cholesterol concentrations stimulate the upregulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors which increases hepatic uptake of LDL.

68
Q

Cholesterol lowering drugs

c. gemfibrozil inhibits HMG-CoA reductase

A

c. False, Gemfibrozil activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), which alters lipid metabolism. Statins inhibits HMG-CoA reductase

69
Q

Cholesterol lowering drugs

d. atorvastatin reduces serum LDL-cholesterol levels

A

d. True, statins decrease LDL-cholesterol levels

70
Q

Cholesterol lowering drugs

e. simvastatin decreases plasma triglyceride levels

A

e. True, statins decrease triglyceride levels, but to a lesser extent than LDL-cholesterol

71
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives

a.
amlodipine is an angiotensin receptor blocker

A

a. False, amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker

72
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives
b.
alpha-methyldopa decreases total peripheral resistance

A

b. True

73
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives

c.
captopril decreases tissue levels of bradykinin

A

c. False, increases levels of bradykinin

74
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives
d.
verapamil decreases entry of calcium into myocardial cells

A

d. True, calcium channel blocker

75
Q

Mechanism of action of antihypertensives

e.
indapamide inhibits sodium absorption at the distal convoluted tubule

A

e. True, thiazide diuretics inhibit reabsorption in the distal convoluted

76
Q

Diuretics

a. hydrochlorothiazide increases serum uric acid levels

A

a. True, causes hyperuricaemia

77
Q

Diuretics

b. the effect of aldosterone on the collecting duct is blocked by amiloride

A

b. False, amiloride is a potassium sparing diuretic

78
Q

Diuretics

c. spirinolactone raises serum potassium levels

A

c. True, aldosterone antagonists cause hyperkalaemia

79
Q

Diuretics

d. furosemide increases the renal elimination of calcium

A

d. True, causes excretion of calcium and magnesium

80
Q

Diuretics

e. furosemide stimulates the Na+/ K+ ATPase pump in the ascending limb of the loop of Henlé

A

e. False, furosemide inhibits

81
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disorders

a. nifedipine blocks the entry of calcium into the vascular smooth muscle

A

a. True, short acting calcium blocker

82
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disorders

b. atenolol decreases systolic blood pressure

A

b. True,

83
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disorders

c. atenolol blocks the action of adrenaline on the sino-atrial node

A

c. True, beta 1 blocker therefore, has negative inotropic effects

84
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disorders

d. diltiazem increases myocardial oxygen consumption

A

d. False, Diltiazem is a benzothiazepine that lowers myocardial oxygen demand through a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac contractility; this leads to a therapeutic effect in improving exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina.

85
Q

In the treatment of cardiovascular disorders

e. isosorbide mononitrate decreases venous capacitance

A

e. False, Increases cGMP levels as a nitric oxide donor. Mainly acts to increases venous capacitance. More blood is stored, less blood returns to the heart, EDP drops, wall stress decreases and therefore O2 consumptions falls down.

86
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

a. captopril reduces preload in heart failure

A

a. True, reduces preload and afterload

87
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

b. valsartan is less likely than captopril to produce cough

A

b. True, valsartan does not produce bradykinin

88
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

c. indapamide causes hyperkalaemia as an adverse effect

A

c. False, thiazide diuretics cause hypokalaemia

89
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

d. hydralazine decreases total peripheral resistance

A

d. True, hydralazine is a vasodilator

90
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

e. losartan is an ACE-inhibitor

A

e. False, losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker. Captopril and enalapril are ACE inhibitors

91
Q

Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure

a. dopamine decreases ventricular contractility

A

a. False, increases

92
Q

Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure

b. digoxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine from the vagus nerve

A

b. True

93
Q

Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure

c. captopril increases potassium retention

A

c. True

94
Q

Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure

d. carvedilol reduces total peripheral resistance

A

d. True, causes vasodilation

95
Q

Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure

e. bisoprolol blocks the action of noradrenaline on the AV node

A

e. True

Pharm Final (25 decks)

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