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Pharm Final > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

a. bupropion — inhibits reuptake of dopamine

A

a. True, bupropion inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and NE

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

b. escitalopram — inhibits monoamine oxidase

A

b. False, escitalopram is an SSRI an inhibits the reuptake of serotonin

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3
Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

c. moclobemide — inhibits chloride ion conductance

A

c. False, Moclobemide is a MAOI-A and thus decrease metabolism of dopamine

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4
Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

d. imipramine — inhibits reuptake of noradrenaline

A

d. True, TCA antidepressant inhibit the reuptake of NE and serotonin

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5
Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

e. venlafaxine — inhibits reuptake of serotonin

A

e. True, venlafaxine is an SNRI and thus inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and NE

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6
Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease:

a. pramipexole is converted to dopamine in the neuron

A

a. False, pramipexole is a non-ergot derived dopamine receptor agonist that is taken orally.

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7
Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease:

b. carbidopa prevents the peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine

A

b. True, carbidopa is a dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor and thus inhibits peripheral dopamine metabolism

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8
Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease:

c. pramipexole increases the risk of sudden-onset sleep attacks

A

c. True, DRA cause sedation, hallucination, confusion and hypotension

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9
Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease

d. selegiline inhibits monoamine oxidase B

A

d. True, selegiline is a MAOI-B

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10
Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease:

e. levodopa is used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting :

A

e. False, levodopa causes nausea and vomiting

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11
Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

a. moclobemide

A

a. True, MAOI causes insomnia and hypertensive crisis

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12
Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

b. phenobarbitone

A

b. False, phenobarbitone is a barbiturate that is used as an anticonvulsant, sedative and hypnotic

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13
Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

c. olanzapine

A

c. False, antipsychotic with anti-histamine effects cause sedation

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14
Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

d. fluoxetine

A

d. True, SSRIs cause insomnia, nausea and vomiting, sexual dysfunction, weight gain

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15
Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

e. venlafaxine

A

e. True, SNRIs cause insomnia, hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia and SIADH

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16
Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

a. valproic acid

A

a. True, valproic acid is an anticonvulsant that inhibits gaba transaminase and thus, inhibits gaba metabolism

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17
Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

b. ethosuximide

A

b. False, ethosuximide is a calcium channel blocker used as an anticonvulsant

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18
Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

c. diazepam

A

c. True, BDZ enhance the effects of gaba

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19
Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

d. phenobarbitone

A

d. True, barbiturates enhance the effects of GABA

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20
Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

e. carbamazepine

A

e. False, carbamazepine is a calcium channel blocker used as an anticonvulsant

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21
Q

CNS drugs which cause weight gain include:

a. valproic acid

A

a. False, valproic acid causes hepatoxicity and is teratogenic

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22
Q

CNS drugs which cause weight gain include:

b. amitriptyline

A

b. True, TCA cause weight gain

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23
Q

CNS drugs which cause weight gain include:

c. gabapentin

A

c. True

.

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24
Q

CNS drugs which cause weight gain include:

d. olanzapine

A

d. True, antipsychotic causes weight gain

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25
Q

CNS drugs which cause weight gain include:

e. topiramate

A

e. False, topiramate is an anticonvulsant that causes weight loss

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26
Q

In the management of epilepsy

a. topiramate is a cognitive enhancing drug

A

a. False, topiramate causes cognitive disorder

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27
Q

In the management of epilepsy

b. maternal use of valproic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of fetal neural tube defects

A

b. True, valproic acid is teratogenic

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28
Q

In the management of epilepsy

c. when valproic acid is used as “add-on” therapy, the dose of lamotrigine is doubled

A

c. False, valproic acid decreases the excretion of lamotrigine. Thus, the dose could be lessened not increased

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29
Q

In the management of epilepsy

d. the metabolism of phenytoin is saturable

A

d. True, phenytoin and fosphenytoin exhibit saturable metabolism (zero-order kinetics)

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30
Q

In the management of epilepsy

e. phenobarbitone is a hepatic enzyme inhibitor

A

e. False, barbiturates act on GABA receptors

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31
Q

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include:
a. fluoxetine

A

a. True, SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin

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32
Q

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include:
b. moclobemide

A

b. False, MAOI inhibit the metabolism of dopamine

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33
Q

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include:
c. amitriptyline

A

c. True, TCA block the reuptake of serotonin and NE

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34
Q

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include:
d. venlafaxine

A

d. True, SNRI block the reuptake of serotonin and NE

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35
Q

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include:
e. bupropion

A

e. False, bupropion blocks the reuptake of NE and dopamine

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36
Q

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects:
a. escitalopram — diarrhoea

A

a. True, SSRIs cause both diarrhoea and constipation

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37
Q

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects:
b. fluoxetine — constipation

A

b. True, SSRIs cause both diarrhoea and constipation

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38
Q

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects:
c. bupropion — sedation

A

c. False, bupropion will cause insomnia

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39
Q

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects:
d. imipramine — seizures

A

d. True, in TCA overdose seizures can occur

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40
Q

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects:
e. moclobemide — agitation

A

e. True, MAOI cause agitation

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41
Q

In the management of anxiety and insomnia

a. venlafaxine blocks reuptake of GABA

A

a. False, venlafaxine is an SNRI and thus blocks the reuptake of serotonin and NE

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42
Q

In the management of anxiety and insomnia

b. diazepam causes more daytime sedation than zolpidem

A

b. False ?

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43
Q

In the management of anxiety and insomnia

c. moclobemide increases the risk of social phobia

A

c. False, indicated for the treatment of social phobia

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44
Q

In the management of anxiety and insomnia

d. oxazepam is preferred to diazepam in elderly patients

A

d. True ?

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45
Q

In the management of anxiety and insomnia

e. diazepam causes muscle spasm as an adverse effect

A

e. False, Diazepam has muscle relaxant properties

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46
Q

The following drugs cause postsynaptic hyperpolarization:

a. diazepam

A

a. True, BDZ cause hyperpolarization

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47
Q

The following drugs cause postsynaptic hyperpolarization:

c. fluoxetine

A

b. False, SSRI don’t cause hyperpolarization

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48
Q

The following drugs cause postsynaptic hyperpolarization:

d. moclobemide

A

c. False, MAOI don’t cause hyperpolarization

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49
Q

The following drugs cause postsynaptic hyperpolarization:

e. oxazepam

A

d. True, BDZ cause hyperpolarization

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50
Q

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include:

a. bupropion

A

a. False, bupropion is a NE and dopamine reuptake inhibitor

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51
Q

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include:

b. venlafaxine

A

b. False, Venlafaxine is a serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor

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52
Q

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include:

c. haloperidol

A

c. True, haloperidol is a first gen anti-psychotic and thus binds D2 receptors

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53
Q

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include:

d. risperidone

A

d. True, risperidone is a D2 and serotonin receptor antagonist

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54
Q

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include:

e. olanzapine

A

e. True, olanzapine antagonises D1-4, serotonin, a1 and histamine receptors

55
Q

Neuroprotective agents

a. phenytoin is metabolised in the liver

A

a. True, phenytoin is hepatoxic

56
Q

Neuroprotective agents

b. valproic acid is contraindicated in pregnancy

A

b. True, valproic acid is teratogenic

57
Q

Neuroprotective agents

c. ethosuximide causes absence seizures

A

c. False, ethosuximide is a calcium channel blocker indicated for the treatment absence seizures

58
Q

Neuroprotective agents

d. lamotrigine is a mood stabilizing agent

A

d. True, lamotrigine is a sodium and calcium channel blocker primarily indicated for focal, generalized and absence seizures, lennox gastut syndrome, but also as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder

59
Q

Neuroprotective agents

e. gabapentin increases intra-neuronal calcium ion concentrations

A

e. True, gabapentin is a calcium channel blocker

60
Q

The following CNS drugs cause sedation:

a. diazepam

A

a. True, BDZ have a sedative effect

61
Q

The following CNS drugs cause sedation:

b. escitalopram

A

b. False, SSRIs cause insomnia

62
Q

The following CNS drugs cause sedation:

c. olanzapine

A

c. True, the anti-histamine effects of antipsychotics cause sedation

63
Q

The following CNS drugs cause sedation:

d. moclobemide

A

d. False, MAOI cause insomnia

64
Q

The following CNS drugs cause sedation:

e. amitriptyline

A

e. True, TCA antidepressants cause sedation

65
Q

In the management of major depressive disorder

a. bupropion causes sexual dysfunction

A

a. False, bupropion is associated with an increased risk of seizures

66
Q

In the management of major depressive disorder

b. venlafaxine increases the risk of insomnia

A

b. True, SNRIs increase the risk of insomnia

67
Q

In the management of major depressive disorder

c. imipramine causes enuresis

A

c. False, imipramine is indicate for enuresis

68
Q

In the management of major depressive disorder

d. vortioxetine is an antagonist at 5HT7 receptors

A

d. True, inhibits the serotonin cotransporter and antagonises the receptors

69
Q

In the management of major depressive disorder

e. agomelatine stimulates melatonin receptors

A

e. True , potent agonist

70
Q

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters
a. fluoxetine

A

a. True, SSRIs prevent the reuptake of serotonin by inhibiting the serotonin cotransporter

71
Q

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters
b. vortioxetine

A

b. True, vortioxetine prevents the reuptake of serotonin by inhibiting the serotonin cotransporter

72
Q

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters
c. moclobemide

A

c. False, moclobemide is a MAOI and thus prevents the metabolism of dopamine

73
Q

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters
d. amitriptyline

A

d. True, TCA prevent the reuptake of serotonin

74
Q

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters
e. escitalopram

A

e. True, SSRIs prevent the reuptake of serotonin by inhibiting the serotonin cotransporter

75
Q

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents

a. diazepam is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA

A

a. True, BDZ enhances the effects of gaba

76
Q

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents

b. zolpidem is a more effective muscle relaxant than diazepam

A

b. False, BDZ are more effective muscle relaxants

77
Q

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents

c. midazolam reduces postsynaptic chloride ion conductance

A

c. False, BDZ increase chloride conductance

78
Q

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents

d. buspirone is used as an “add-on” therapy in cases of resistant depression

A

d. True, It has also been used as a second-line therapy for unipolar depression when the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is deemed clinically inadequate or inappropriate

79
Q

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents

e. oxazepam is preferred to diazepam in elderly patients (>65 yrs)

A

e. Ture, short duration BDZ are recommended for the elderly

80
Q

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents

a. sulpiride suppresses lactation in postpartum women

A

a. False, sulpiride causes lactation

81
Q

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents

b. olanzapine is used in the management of hyperlipidaemia

A

b. False, olanzapine causes hyperlipidaemia

82
Q

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents

c. aripiprazole is used as an adjunct to antidepressants for resistant depression

A

c. True, Aripiprazole is indicated for manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder, treatment of schizophrenia, treatment of Tourette’s disorder, and as an adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder

83
Q

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents

d. risperidone is used in children

A

d. True, used to treat conduct disorder in children

84
Q

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents

e. haloperidol is used to treat tardive dyskinesia

A

e. False, anti-psychotics cause tardive dyskinesia

85
Q

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs

a. phenytoin — gingival hyperplasia

A

a. True

86
Q

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs

b. carbamazepine — insomnia

A

b. False, carbamazepine primarily causes hyponatraemia but is also associated with somnolence

87
Q

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs

c. clonazepam — sedation

A

c. Ture, BDZ cause sedation

88
Q

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs

d. ethosuximide — weight gain

A

d. False, weight loss

89
Q

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs

e. lamotrigine — rash

A

e. True, lamotrigine causes SJS

90
Q

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures:
a. carbamazepine

A

a. False, indicated for the treatment of tonic clonic seisures

91
Q

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures:
b. amitriptyline

A

b. True, TCA overdose causes seizures

92
Q

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures:
c. bupropion

A

c. True, bupropion increases the risk of seizures

93
Q

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures:
d. clozapine

A

d. False, antipsychotics don’t cause seizures

94
Q

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures:
e. lamotrigine

A

e. False, indicated for the treatment of seizures

95
Q

Benzodiazepines

a. Diazepam enhances the effects of GABA

A

a. True, BDZ enhance the effect of GABA

96
Q

Benzodiazepines

b. Cause sedation

A

b. True, BDZ are sedatives

97
Q

Benzodiazepines

c. Block chloride channels

A

c. False, BDZ allosteric enhancement of Cl conductance

98
Q

Benzodiazepines

d. Clonazepam is used in the management of epilepsy

A

d. True, clonazepam is an anticonvulsant indicated for the management of epilepsy and panic disorder

99
Q

Benzodiazepines

e. Cause respiratory depression in overdose

A

e. True, symptoms of overdose include: respiratory depression, hypotension, confusion, paradoxical agitation, hallucination, slurred speech, ataxia and coma

100
Q

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents

a. diazepam causes muscle spasm as an adverse effect

A

a. False,

101
Q

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents

b. flumazenil is used in the management of diazepam overdose

A

b. True

102
Q

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents

c. diazepam blocks chloride ion channels

A

c. False

103
Q

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents

d. oxazepam has a shorter half-life (t1/2) than diazepam

A

d. True

104
Q

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents

e. zolpidem causes sedation

A

e. True

105
Q

Use of antidepressant drugs

a. clomipramine is associated with erectile dysfunction

A

a. False, TCA not associated with ED

106
Q

Use of antidepressant drugs

b. venlafaxine is indicated for post-herpetic neuralgia

A

b. True

107
Q

Use of antidepressant drugs

c. citalopram overdose causes malignant

A

c. False

108
Q

Use of antidepressant drugs
hyperthermia
d. amitriptyline overdose causes convulsions

A

d. True

109
Q

Use of antidepressant drugs

e. the combination of fluoxetine and tramadol increases the risk of serotonin syndrome

A

e. True

110
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression
a. clomipramine: monoamine oxidase inhibitor

A

a. False, TCA

111
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression
b. sertraline: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

A

b. True

112
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression
c. venlafaxine: serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

A

c. True

113
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression
d. amitriptyline: tricyclic antidepressant

A

d. True

114
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression
e. lithium: dopamine receptor blocker

A

e. False, mood stabilizer

115
Q

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use
a. hypothermia

A

a. False

116
Q

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use
b. hypotension

A

b. True

117
Q

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use
c. weight loss

A

c. False

118
Q

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use
d. glaucoma

A

d. False

119
Q

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use
e. dry mouth

A

e. True

120
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease
a. levodopa: monoamine oxidase inhibitor

A

a. False, dopamine precursor

121
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease
b. bromocriptine: dopamine receptor agonist

A

b. True, ergot derivative DRA

122
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease
c. rasagiline: increases synaptic dopamine levels

A

c. False, DRA not MAOI

123
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease
d. entacopone: Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) inhibitor

A

d. True, prevent the peripheral metabolism of levodopa

124
Q

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease
e. selegiline: muscarinic receptor agonist

A

e. False, MAOI B

125
Q

Antiepileptics

a. phenytoin causes gingival hyperplasia

A

a. True

126
Q

Antiepileptics

b. carbamazepine induces hepatic microsomal enzymes

A

b. True

127
Q

Antiepileptics

c. valproic acid is teratogenic

A

c. True

128
Q

Antiepileptics

d. ethosuximide is used in the management of tonic-clonic seizures

A

d. False, only indicated for absence seizures

129
Q

Antiepileptics

e. diazepam is used intravenously in status epilepticus

A

e. True

130
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

a. haloperidol increases the risk of akathisia

A

a. True, antipsychotic increase the risk of akathisia

131
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

b. clozapine causes weight loss

A

b. False

132
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

c. risperidone reduces aggression in children

A

c. True

133
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

d. olanzapine causes insomnia

A

d. False, sedation (anti-histamine properties

134
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

e. haloperidol is a dopamine-2 receptor agonist

A

e. False, competitive inhibitor

Pharm Final (25 decks)

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