Depression

Question 1

What is depression

Answer 1

Mood disorder characterised by extreme sadness

Question 2

What constitutes to diagnosis of depression

Answer 2

Sam states an individual must exxperniebce at least 5 symptoms including depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure in activities nearly everyday for two weeks

Question 3

What are emotional characteristics of depression

Answer 3

Depressed me of, loss of interest and pleasure and worthlessness

Question 4

Why are cognitive characteristic

Answer 4

Reduced concentration and negative beliefs about self and suicidal thoughts

Question 5

What are behavioural changes in depression

Answer 5

Change in activity and change in eating and sleeping habits and social impairment

Question 6

What is depressed mood

Answer 6

The ever present and overwhelming feeling of intense sadness hopelessness and lowered mood in everyday life

Question 7

What is loss of interest and pleasure

Answer 7

Lack of enthusiasm associated with lack of concern of pleasure in daily activities

Question 8

What is worthlessness

Answer 8

Constant feelings of low self worth and inappropriate feeling of guilt

Question 9

What is reduced concentration

Answer 9

Difficulty in paying attention and maintaining concentration or slowed down thinking and decision making interferes with work

Question 10

What are negatiove self beliefs about self

Answer 10

Experience persistent nengative beliefs about themselves and abilities

Question 11

What are auicidal thoughts

Answer 11

Some depressives can have constant thoughts of suicidal and death

Question 12

What is change in activity

Answer 12

Reduced amount bra of energy resulting in fatigue and high levels of inactivity in some cases depression can lead to opposite effect psychomotor agitation they struggle to relax and may pace up and down

Question 13

What is changing is eating and sleeping habits

Answer 13

People may experience a change in appetites which may mean they eat more or less than normal and gain or lose weight also they may have excessive sleeping or no sleep

Question 14

Social impairments

Answer 14

Can be reduced levels of social interaction with friends and relations

Question 15

How does cog approach explain depression

Answer 15

In terms of faulty and irrational thought process and perceptions

Question 16

What are negative schemes

Answer 16

Develop in childhood and adolescents as a result of rejection by parents in for of critiscism or exclusion or loss of family member this then filters into adulthood providing a negative framework to view life in a pessimistic fashion
Depressed people develop negative schemes about themselves

Question 17

What did Aaron beck believe

Answer 17

Depression is caused by negative thinking especially about one self and that negative thinking comes before development of depression

Question 18

What is negative views of self

Answer 18

Begins in childhood as negative self schemes from experience such as rejection from press and see themselves as worthless

Question 19

What is negative view of the world

Answer 19

Where obstacles and issues are perceived within one enviromet cannot be dealt with

Question 20

What is negative feeding into the future

Answer 20

Where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvement in the future

Question 21

What did Albert Ellis believe

Answer 21

That depressive Mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness however it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for the distress and the key to tondepressionis in irrational beliefs
Depression is caused by irrational thoughts differed by unpleasant experience

Question 22

What is the abc model

Answer 22

A is the activating agent
B is the belief
C is the consequence of the belief

It’s not the activating event that causes the consequence its consequence is caused by beliefs about the activating event having irrational s beliefs to unhealthy negative reactions and emotions which can turn into depression and experience events excessively negatively in part b

Question 23

Practical application

Answer 23

Ellis and becks explanation has led to practictocal application in treatment of depression
The development of treatments such as Cat this is a strength as our understanding of schemes and cog processes has led to development of treatments which target faulty cognitions further the fact that beck reviewed the effectiveness of cog approach and found it highly effective in treating depression showing the cog approach must be accurate thus increasing validity of becks explanation for depression

Question 24

There is supporting research

Answer 24

There is a wealth of research to support becks cognitive explanation listed et all study used students volunteers who took planet ina an attention task and wee presented with positive and negative and neutral words they found that depressed participants spent longer attending to the negative words tha the non depressed group this is a strength s it shows depressed people have a cognitive biase towards negative ideas thus attending longer to negative words thus increasing the validity

Question 25

Approach is a reductionist

Answer 25

A limitation of the cognapproach explaining depression is that it could be considered a reductionist the cog approach is overly focused on internal mental thought processes and ignores credible research from other approaches such as there isbevdence thstnlow levels of serotonin can lead to depression there it can be seen as too simplistic