chpater 25 Flashcards
digestive system
-digestive tract and accessory organs
digestive tract
-mouth
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-si and li
accessory organs
-teeth
-tongue
-salivary glands
-pancrease
-liver
-gallbladder
digestive system functions
-ingestion, mechanical processing, digestion, secretion, absorption, exceretion and compaction
mechanical processing
chewing and swallowing
secretion
secretion of products by the lining of the digestive tract and accessory organs
absopriton
nutrients from the small intestien to the bloodstream
compaction
progressive dehydration of organic wastes
stomach
enzymatic break down of food
small intestine
enzymatic break down and absorption of nutrients tot he bloodstream
salivary glands
enzymes that begin digestion
pancrease
enzymes that enter the small intestine to digest food q
liver
produce bile for fat emulsification in small intestine
gallbladder
stores bile
large intestine
remove solid waste, reabsorb water into bloodstream and house bacteria that make vitamin k for blood clotting
four layers to digestive tract
-mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa/ visceral peritoneum
mucosa
inner lining of digestive tract
-in small intestine it makes plicae/ folds to increase surface area for absorption
submucosa
-surrounds muscularis mucosae
-blood vessels and lymph layers
-submucosal plexus innervates it (sensory neurons, parasympathetic ganglia and postganglionic fibers)
muscularis externa
-surround submucosa
-smooth muscle fibers and innervated by the myenteric plexus
meyenteric plexus
-muscularis externa
-parasympathetic ganglia nad sympathetic posganglion fibers
serosa
covers muscularis externa
-outermost layer of the digestive system
peristalsis
-muscularis externa propelling thing through digestive tract
segmentation
-material is churning and fragmenting as it is being moves through by peristalsis
peritoneum
-parietal is continuous with the serosa/ visceral peritoneum
-intraperitoneal organs and retroperitoneal organs
intraperitoneal organs
organs in the peritoneal cavity
organs are surrounded by the visceral peritoneum
-stomach and liver
retroperitoneal organs
-organs covered by visceral peritoneum on their anterioir surface
-organs lie deep to visceral peritoneum
-kidney, ureter and abdominal aorta
mesenteries
-fused double sheets of peritoneal membrane
-stabalize organ positions and b.v.
-attach b.v. to small intestine
what is not suspended in mesentery sheet
duodenum
mesentery proper
sheet that holds organs
mesocolon
mesentery attachment to large intestine
-there is sigmoid and transverse
fusion fascia
ascending, descending colon and rectum attached to it
-it is the posteriori wall of abdominal wall that is fused to mesentery layer (fascia)
layer btwn stomach and liver
lesser omentum
mesentery that goes from the stomach and covers all other organs anterioirly
greater omentum
oral cavity structures
-tongue, uvula, palatoglossal arches, salivary glands and teeth
tongue
-sensory analysis and secrete enzyme to digest fat and speak
tongue areas
-body, root (posterioir), dorsum
papillae
on the dorsum and contain taste buds
circumvent papillae
at base of tongue
lingual lipase
that the small glands in the tongue release
lingual frenulum
attached to the floor of the mouth
-short= ankyloglossia
tongue muscle groups
-intrinsic (change shape of tongue)
-extrinsic (gross movement)
cranial nerve that controls tongue muscles
cranial nerve 12
3 salivary gland pairs
-parotid
-sublingual
-submandibular
-all make amylase for carbs
types of teeth
-incisors, cuspids, bicuspids and molars
crown
made of enamel which has dentin and pulp
neck
area of ginviga
root
has root canal, artery, vein and nerve
pharynx
passageway for food, liquid and air
swallowing phases
buccal phase, pharyngeal phase and esophogeal phase
buccal phase
tongue pushes food into oropharynx area
pharyngeal phase
epiglottis closes over the glottis and swallowing begins
esophageal phase
upper esophageal sphincter opens and bolus moves down esophagus
esophageal hiatus
where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm
esophageal wall histo
-mucosa lining, submucosa, smooth muscle (miscularis mucosae), muscularis externa
-NO SEROSA LAYER
stomach parts
-lesser curvature and greater curvature
-fundus
-body
-pylorus
