chapter 19 part 1

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

-long term general responses
-releases hormones (leave glands)

Question 2

endocrine tissues

Answer 2

heart, kidney, adipose cells, digestive tract

Question 3

4 groups of excitatory hormones

Answer 3

-amino acid derivatives
-peptide hormones
-steroids
-eicosanoids

Question 4

amino acid derivative

Answer 4

-structure is similar to amino acids
-ex: thyroid hormones and adrenal medulla are derivatives of tyrosine
-also melatonin

Question 5

peptide hormones

Answer 5

chains of amino acids
-all hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 6

steroids

Answer 6

derivatives of cholesterol
-reproductive hormones

Question 7

eicosanoids

Answer 7

derived of arachidonic acid (twenty carbon)
-fatty acid of cell membrane
-thromboxane, prostaglandin and leukotriens

Question 8

3 mechanisms of hypothalamus

Answer 8

-secrete regulatory hormones
-act as endocrine organ
-contain autonomic nervous system centers

Question 9

secreting regulatory hormones

Answer 9

secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones

Question 10

acting as an endocrine gland ON TEST

Answer 10

release antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin to the potuitary gland

Question 11

autonomic nervous system center

Answer 11

control over the adrenal medulla through the sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

pituitary gland

Answer 12

-the hypophysis
-attached to hypothalamus through the infundibulum
-in the hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica
-has 2 lobes (the adenophypophysis and neurohypophysis)

Question 13

adenohypophysis

Answer 13

anterioir lobe of pituitary that releases nine peptide hormones
-releases neurepinephrine and epinephrine
-three regions (pars distalis, intermedia and tuberalis)

Question 14

neurohypophysis

Answer 14

posterior lobe of pituitary that releases two peptide hormones
-releases anti diuretic and oxytocin
-target nephrons to retain water and prevent dehydration (antidiuretic)
-elevated blood pressure by constricting preipheral b.v. (anti diuretic)

Question 15

antidiuretic

Answer 15

-targets nephrons and b.v.
-also called vasopresun
-ADH

Question 16

oxytocin

Answer 16

-targets smooth muscle
-OT
-targets cells of mammary glands
-release milk
-also contractions during birth
-in males the smooth muscles contraction is in the prostate gland

Question 17

pars distalis

Answer 17

secretes the majority fo hormones

Question 18

pars intermedia

Answer 18

secrete melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 19

pars tuberalis

Answer 19

wrap around a portion of the infundibulum

Question 20

cell types of adenophyophysis

Answer 20

-thyrotropes
-corticotropes
-gonadotropes
-lactotropes
-somatotropes

Question 21

thryotropes

Answer 21

release thyroid stimulating homrone

Question 22

corticotropes

Answer 22

release adrenocroticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 23

gonadotropes

Answer 23

release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 24

lactotropes

Answer 24

release prolactin (PRL)

Question 25

somatotropes

Answer 25

release growth hormones (GH) and somatotropin

Question 26

hypophyseal portal system

Answer 26

-in the infundiculum
-is a plexus of capillaries
-capillaries are fenestrates (have pores)
-regulating hormones leave hypothalamus and pass through blood vessels to the anterior pituitary (adenophypophysis)

Question 27

thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 27

-targets thyroid gland
-causes thyroid to release hormones (calcintonin, thyroxine, and triiodothryonine)
-these hormones all have iodide

Question 28

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 28

-target adrenal cortex
-adrenal cortex releases glucocorticoids (steroids)

Question 29

FSH

Answer 29

-target female ovaries
-release estrogen
-cause egg matureation (oocyte)
-seminiferous tubules in men
-cause sperm production

Question 30

LH

Answer 30

-target ovaries
-release progesterone
-release of egg from ovary
-target interstitial cell in testes
-release testosterone (androgens)
-release estrogen

Question 31

prolactin

Answer 31

-milk

Question 32

GH

Answer 32

-somatotopin
-target skeletal muscle
-cause protein synthesis causing growth
-target liver cells
-releases somatomedin (stimulate protein synthesis in muscles and cartilage)

Question 33

thyroid gland

Answer 33

-supplied by the superior thyroid artery (from the external carotid)
-supplied by the interior thyroid artery (from the thyrocervical trunk)
-made of 2 lobes (separated by isthmus)
-has follicles
-ONLY gland to store hormones products

Question 34

thyroid follicles

Answer 34

-lines w simple cuboidal cells and t thyrocytes *follicular cells

Question 35

follicular cells

Answer 35

-secrete thyroglobulin
-transport iodine into the follicle
-combining iodine and thyroglobulin forms thyroid hormones