chapter 6 part 2 Flashcards
squamous part of temporal bone
flat bone of the skull
mastoid process
consists of the mastoid sinuses
styloid process
neck muscle attachment
external acoustic meatus
entrance into the ear canal
sella turcica
dorsum sellae, hypophyseal fossa (pituitary gland fossa), tuberculum sellae, anterior clinoid processes and posterior clinoid process
optic canals
openings for the optic nerves
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
superior portion of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
crista galli
superior portion of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
cribriform plate
borders the crista galli
cribiform plate foramina
openings for the olfactory nervers
cranial fossa
anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa
anterior cranial fossa
frontal and ethmoid bones
middle cranial fossa
extends from the internal nares to the petrous portions of the temporal bone
-consists of the sphenoid, temporal and parietal bones
posterior cranial fossa
extends from the petrous portion of the temporal bone to the posterior skull
-mainly just the occipital bone
maxillae
make up the upper jaw
-has a left and right
-has maxiallry sinuses and infra orbital foramen
infra-orbital foramen
openings for the maxillary nerve passing through the foramen rotundum
maxillae
anterior nasal spine, palatine process, and incisive foramen
palatine process
anterior palatine bone (roof of the mouth)
Incivise foramen
opening fo nerve and small arteries that innervate the palatal surface
mandible
makes up lower jaw
-head (mandibular condyle)
mandibular notch
-coronoid process
-ramus
-angle
-body (mental formaina and mental protuberance)
mandibular condyle (head)
articulates with thh mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
mental protuberance
bondy ridge on the anterior endge
-basically the chin
nasoocranial
tears
supperior orbital fissure
openeing for nerves oculomotor, trochlear, orbital tigeminal
inferiror orbital fissure
opening for maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
optic canal
openening for optic nerve
nasal septum
volmer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
ethmoid bone
crista galli, superior and middle nasal conchae
-perpendicular plate protrudes into the cranial cavity which forms the crista galli
-protrudes through the notch of the ethmoid
maxillary bone
inferior nasal conchae
conchae
swirl air
hyoid bone
-in adults will break during strangulation
-inferior portion connected to the thyroid ligament
-superior portion suspended from the mandible through muscles (styloid and digastric muscles)
hyoid projections
greater horn, lesser horn and body
-an accesory skull bone along with the audotory auscles
22 skull bones
maxillae (2), palatine (2), nasal (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), zygomatic (2), lacrimal bones (2), 1 volmer, 1 mandible and the cranial bones
-cranial bones= occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid
baby skull
4 frontal areas and membranes where the sutures will form
-anterior fontanel= soft spot
-posterior fontanel
sphenoid fontanel
-mastoid fontanel
baby skull pt 2
-let baby skull get squished during birth
-membrane areas are thick dura mater
-can feel baby pulse at the anterior frontal bc blood vessels are in the fontanel
adults
have no frontal suture
sagital suture baby
fuses around age 2
vertabrae
26 bones
-7 cervical
-12 thoracic
-5 lumbar
-1 sacrum (5 fused together)
-1 coccyx (3-5 fused together)
sacrum and coccyx fuse at 16
vertabrae functions
protects spinal cord, support skull, keep body upright
cervical curve
develops when baby begins to life head
thoracic curve
babies are born with it
lumbar curve
develops when the baby starts walking
sacral curve
born with it
baby lack balance
no proper spinal curve and no muscle coordination
atlas
first cervical vertabrae
-only one without a body
axis
2nd cervical bone (allows head to rotate)
-has a dens (fractures during some whiplashes and cuts the spinal cord)
-pivots on the dens of the axis
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve
kyphosis
too much thoracic curve (old ppl)
lordosis
too much anterior curve (gymnast)
vertebral transverse foramen
holds the blood vessel that goes to the brain
-ONLY IN CERVICAL VERT
vertebral foramen
in all vert for spinal cord
thoracic vert
have inferior and transverse costal facet (where the ribs connect with the vertebrae)
sacral foramen
where the spinal cord comes out
ala
wing of the sacrum
transverse lines
where the bones fused at 16
apex
point of sacrum
thoracis cage
protects lungs, thymus, etc
-attachment site for muscles that do respiration, positioning for vertebral column and movement of pectoral girdle and upper limb (allows arm movement)
stermun
manubrium, body, xiphoid, jugular notch
ribs
1-7 true (vertebrosternal)
8-12 false
-8-10 (vertebronchondral)
-11-12 vertebral/ floating (no anterior cartilage)
cpr
hands on body of sternum bc xiphoid process can snap and puncture liver and bleed out and die
xiphoid process
made of cartilage until the age of 20
