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Anatomy > chapter 13 > Flashcards

chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS catergories

A

-afferent
-efferent

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3
Q

afferent PNS

A

sensory information TOWARDS CNS
-somatic and visceral

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4
Q

efferent PNS

A

motor commands AWAY from CNS
-somatic nerves
-automatic nerves

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5
Q

afferent sensory

A

-monitor skeletal muscles and joints

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6
Q

afferent visceral

A

-monitor smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and internal organs

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7
Q

efferent somatic nerves

A

-control skeletal muscle contraction

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8
Q

efferent autonomic nerves

A

-control internal organ activity
-2 types
-parasympathetic nerve
-sympathetic nerve

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9
Q

parasympathetic nerve

A

PNS autonomic nerve
-pupil constriction, heart rate decrease, increase digestive movement (REST AND DIGEST)

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10
Q

sympathetic nerve

A

PNS autonomic nerve
-pupil dilation, increase heart rate, slow down digestion (FIGHT OR FLIGHT)

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11
Q

neural tissue

A

-neurons
-neuroglia

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12
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells that transfer and process information in the nervous system
-conduct impulses (on test)
-soma, axon, dendrites

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13
Q

neuroglia

A

-supporting cells
-protect neuron
-do not conduct impulses (on test)
-maintain intercellular environment
-act as phagocytes
-100 billion, 5x more than neuron
-

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14
Q

neuroglia

A

-supporting cells
-protect neuron
-do not conduct impulses (on test)
-maintain intercellular environment
-act as phagocytes
-100 billion, 5x more than neuron
-CAN REPRODUCE/ MITOSIS past childhood (on test)

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15
Q

Neuroglia in the CNS

A

-astrocytes
-oligodendrocytes
-microglia
-epidymal

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16
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

-form myelin sheath around neurons
-contact soma or axon
-cytoplasmic extension tie axons together
-make the myelin sheath

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17
Q

astrocyte

A

-scar tissue (strokes)
-maintain blood brain barrier
-isolate neurons from general circulation

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18
Q

microglia

A

-phagocytes cells (debris and microbes)
-remove waste

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19
Q

ependymal

A

-make CSF
-line ventricles (hollow chambers of the brain)
-line central canal
-circulate CSF

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20
Q

neuroglia PNS

A

-satellite
-schwann cells

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21
Q

satellite cells

A

-support neuron, at the neuron cell bodies
-regulate exchange btwn cell body and environment
-surround cell bodies of PNS neurons in clusters (ganglia)

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22
Q

Schwann cells

A

-form myelin sheath (speed ups impulse)
-repair damages neurons in PNS
(oligodendrocytes of the PNS)

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23
Q

soma

A

-nissl bodies (give gray color)
-lack centrosomes (bc they dont mitosis)

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24
Q

white matter

A

myelin
-made of fat so white

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25
Q

axon

A

-axon hillock (cell body turns to axon)
-axoplasm (cytoplasm of the neuron)
-axollema (plasma membrane of the axon)
-terminal buttons (may be where neurotransmitters are)

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26
Q

neuron structural classification

A

-placement in body
-processes extending from cell body

27
Q

functional classification

A

-sensory
-motor
-interneuron (both sensory and motor)

28
Q

anaxonic

A

has many rpocesses but cannot differentiate btwn axons and dendrites

29
Q

bipolar

A

cell body is btwn the 2 axons

30
Q

pseudounipolar

A

the cell body is off to one side of the axon

31
Q

multipolar

A

has a single axon and multiple dendrites

32
Q

sensory

A

sends information from pns to cns
-SOMATIC SENSORY AND VISCERAL SENSORY NEURONS
-pick up information from pns receptors

33
Q

motor

A

send information from the cns to periphery
-SOMATIC MOTOR AND AUTONOMIC MOTOR NEURONS
-send information to the effectors of the periphery (muscles. glands organs etc)

34
Q

interneurons

A

-are betwn motor and sensory neurons
-alayze sensory input and coordinate motor output
-excitatory or inhibitory

35
Q

exteroceptors and proprioceptors

A

-go to the somatic neurons
-go to the muscle

36
Q

exteroceptors

A

information abt the external environment (touch, temp, smell, vision etc)

37
Q

propioceptors

A

position and movement of the body in muscles and joints (tell you brain that your arms are raised)

38
Q

interoceptors

A

monitor internal organ activity

39
Q

neural regeneration (ON TEST)

A

neural regeneration process does not happen in the CNS
-astrocytes form scar tissue at the sites of damages neurons

40
Q

neural regeneration PNS

A

limited ability to repair PNS
-schwann cells grow into the cut area
-axons begin to grow into the schwann cells
-cell bodies must be alive for this to happen

41
Q

nerve impulse

A

action potential of the nerve

42
Q

action potential

A

caused by an exchange of ions across the membrane (sodium and potassium)

43
Q

ability to conduce an impulse

A

excitability

44
Q

stimulus

A

anything that can cause an action potential

45
Q

threshold level

A

stimulus must overcome the threshold of particular neuron to fire the action potential/ impulse

46
Q

What is the thresholD level?

A

The amount of stimuli needed to create action potential/ impulse

47
Q

what affects the speed of the impulse? ON TEST

A

-myelin (speeds it up)
-diameter of axon (larger= faster)

48
Q

what is a synapse

A

a junction
-axodendritic
-axosomatic
-axoaxonic
-neuromuscular synapse or junction
-neuroglandular synapse

49
Q

axodendritic synapse

A

axone of one neuron and dendrite of another neurons

50
Q

axosomatic

A

axon of one neuron and soma of another neuron

51
Q

axoaxonic

A

axon of one neuron and axon of another

52
Q

neuromuscular

A

axon of a neuron and a muscle

53
Q

neuroglandular

A

axon of a neuron and a gland

54
Q

vesicular synapses

A

-a chemical synapse
-involved neurotransmitter release from the terminal bouton

55
Q

neuronal pools

A

organized groups of neurons identified by neural circuitry
-divergence
-convergence
-serial processing
-parallel processing
-reverberation

56
Q

divergence

A

-info from one neuron to several
-info enters the CNS and spreads to brain and spinal cord at the same time
-broad distribution of inputed information

57
Q

convergence

A

-information from several neurons to a single neuron
-ex: 10 million rods and cones in the eye that make contact with 1 million neurons

58
Q

serial processing

A

-info going from one neuron to the next and the next and the next…
-info going from one part of the brain tot he net and the next…
-sequence of neurons

59
Q

parallel processing

A

-several enurons process info at the same time
-step on a nail move your foot and dance a lil

60
Q

reverbration

A

-collateral axons extend back to the origin of the impulse to cause an enhancement or a continuation of the impulse via feedback

61
Q

nuclei/ cortex cns

A

-collection of cell bodies in one area
-gray matter

62
Q

white matter

A

bundles of axons/ myelin
-fatty
-called tracts/ columns

63
Q

cell bodies in pns

A

ganglia/ gray matter
-axons form spinal nerves and cranial nerves
-can be myelinated or unmyelinated

Anatomy (29 decks)

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