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Anatomy > chapter 14 part 1 > Flashcards

chapter 14 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cord

A

-can function with the brain or independantly

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2
Q

brain

A

-can function with the spinal cord or independantly

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3
Q

spinal cord features

A

-45cm long
-from brain to L1
-5 regions

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4
Q

cervical enlargement

A

nerves to the arm

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5
Q

lumbosacral enlargement

A

nerves to the legs

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6
Q

conus medullaris

A

inferioir end of the spinal cord
-comes to a point or a cone

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7
Q

cauda equina ON TEST

A

spinal nerves below the cord
-horsetail

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8
Q

filum terminale

A

-connective tissue anchor of the spinal cord to the coccyx
-part of the coccygral ligament

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9
Q

what is the dorsal root ON TEST

A

-sensory
-axons extend from the soma within the doral root ganglion

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10
Q

what is the ventral root ON TEST

A

motor

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11
Q

sensory nerves

A

-afferent
-transmit impulse towards the spinal cord

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12
Q

motor nerves

A

-efferent
-transmit impulse away from the spinal cord

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13
Q

spinal meninges

A

-specialized membranes
-protect
-stabalize/ absorb shocl

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14
Q

what anchors the spinal cord ON TEST

A

-denticulate ligaments and filum terminale

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15
Q

denticulate ligaments

A

help anchor spinal cord and position laterally

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16
Q

filum terminale

A

anchors spinal cord inferiorly

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17
Q

3 layers of spinal cord meninge

A

-dura mater
-arachnoid mater
-pia mater

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18
Q

dura mater

A

-tough mother
-fibrous and outermost

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19
Q

arachnoid

A

middle layer
-cerebrospinal fluid is underneath it

20
Q

pia mater

A

innermost layer

21
Q

gray matter

A

-central canal
-made of somas

22
Q

white matter

A

-made of myelin
-nerves organized into tracts/ columns
-outside the gray matter area

23
Q

somas

A

-organized into groups (nuclei)
-2 types
-sensory nuclei
-motor nuclei

24
Q

gray matter organization

A

-posterioir gray horns
-lateral gray horns (visceral motor nuclei)
-anterioir gray horns (somatic motor nuceli)
-gray commisure

25
Q

posterioir gray horns

A

somatic sensory and visceral nuclei

26
Q

gray commissure

A

made of axons crossing from one side to the other

27
Q

white matter organization

A

-made of columns of nerves= fascicles
2 types of columns
-sensory tracts (ascending)
-motor tract (descending)

28
Q

peripheral nerve components

A

-epineurium
-perineurium
-endoneurium

29
Q

epineurium

A

outer layer
-continuous with the dura mater

30
Q

perineurium

A

-layer surrounding a fascicle (bundle of axons)

31
Q

endoneurium

A

layer surrounding single axon

32
Q

4 branches of spinal nerves

A

-white ramus
-gray ramus
-dorsal ramus
-ventral ramus

33
Q

rami communicantes

A

-white + gray ramus
-smooth muscle, glands, organs
-motor impulses leave the spinal cord through the ventral root to the spinal nerves

34
Q

dorsal ramus

A

-skeletal muscel of the neck and back

35
Q

ventral ramus

A

-skeletal muscle of the limbs, sides and front torso

36
Q

What travels the dorsal root to the spinal cord?

A

sensory impulses travel in spinal nerve through the dorsal root to the spinal cord

37
Q

dermatomes

A

-pair of spinal nerves monitor specific skin surfaces in stripes
-important for shingles (where they appear)
-strips also test different nerves

38
Q

4 nerve plexuses

A

-cervical
-brachial
-lumbar
-sacral
-lumbosacral

39
Q

nerve plexus

A

bundle of spinal nerves intertwines

40
Q

cervical plex

A

-C1-C5
-cutaneous and muscular branches
cutaneous branch= head, neck, chest

41
Q

muscular branch of cervical plexus ON TEST

A

-omohyoid, sternohyoid, geniohyoid, thyrohoid, sternohyoid, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae, trapezius, diaphragm (phrenic nerve), nerves 3, 4, and 5 keep diaphragm alive

42
Q

brachial plex

A

-nerves from C5 to T1
-superior, middle and inferior trunk
-trunks merge to form lateral cord
-can be stretched and damaged

43
Q

What can cause wrist drop? ON TEST

A

damage to the radial nerve in axilla

44
Q

what can cause carpal tunnel syndrome? ON TEST

A

-nerve damage at wrist from overuse
-numbness, tingling in palm

45
Q

What can cause Herb’s palsy? ON TEST

A

ulnar nerve damage
-permanent flexion of pinky finger and partial contracture of ring finger
-pope

Anatomy (29 decks)

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