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Anatomy > chapter 24 > Flashcards

chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system includes

A

nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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2
Q

upper respiratory system

A

nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx

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3
Q

lower respiratory system

A

larynx, trachea, brocnhi, bronchioles and alveoli

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4
Q

functions of resp system

A

gas exchange, nasopharynx protects respiratory surface from dehydration, protection from pathogens, verbal communication, regulate blood colume, pressure and ph

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5
Q

respiratory epithelium

A

-pseudostratified, ciliates, columnar (everywhere byt the pharynx, smaller bronchi and alveoli
-goblet cells (mucus)
-statified swuamous in the pharynx

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6
Q

resp epithelium function

A

-ciliated columnar= move mucus up to cough out debris
-mucous cells= make mucus so debris gets stuck and doesnt eneter lungs
-stratified squamous- protection against abrasion

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7
Q

what protects the respiratory system

A

-vibrissae= hairs in nose
-nasal cavity which produces mucus and sneezing
-epithelium make mucus to trap debris and cough it out

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8
Q

pathway of air

A

-enters external nares, through nasal vestibule (area surrounded by alar cartilage), enters nasal cavity, in and around nasal concha, internal nares and nasopharynx area

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9
Q

nasal concha

A

-inferior, middle and superior concha
-air swirls around it debris gets trapped in the mucus and the air gets warn before entering the trachea

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10
Q

pharynx

A

-passage that connects the nose to the mouth to the throat
-3 of them

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11
Q

3 pharynx parts

A

-nasopharynx= back of the nose area
-oropharynx= back of the mouth area
-laryngopharynx= entrance to the trachea and esophagus

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12
Q

larynx

A

-cylinder with cartilage walls that are stabilized by ligaments/ skeletal muscle

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13
Q

larynx cartilage

A

-thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis, paired laryngeal cartilages (arytenoid cartilages)

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14
Q

adams apple

A

-laryngeal prominence
-thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

epiglottis

A

closing when swallowing
-paired laryngeal cartilage is involved

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16
Q

laryngeal ligaments

A

-intrinsic bind laryngeal cartilages together
-extrinsic ligaments bind thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone and cricoid cartilage
-some become vocal cords

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17
Q

vocal cords sound

A

produces by air passing between cords
-sound depends on tongue, cheek and lip movement

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18
Q

children vocal cords

A

shorter= high pitches voice
-grow with child

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19
Q

laryngeal muscles

A

-intrinsic: regulate tension of vocal cords and open and close glottis
-extrinsic: position and stabilize larynx

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20
Q

trachea

A

-has cartilage that is in a c shape, not a ring
-annular ligaments connect each ring
-linnings: respiratory epithelia, lamina propria and submucosa

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21
Q

trachealis muscle

A

posterior side of the cartilage ring
-allows constriction and dilation of the trachea

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22
Q

carina

A

where the trachea branches to form the left and right bronchi

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23
Q

primary bronchi

A

enter the lungs
-right is steeper than the left

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24
Q

part of the lung where the primary bronchus enter

A

hilum
-also where the pulmonary vessels enter

25
Q

root

A

bronchus, artery and vein

26
Q

lung structure

A

-right lung= three lobes, horizontal fissure and oblique fissure
-left lung= 2 lobes and oblique fissure with a cardiac notch

27
Q

extrapulmonary bronchi

A

outside lunch branches

28
Q

intrapulmonary bronchi

A

inside lung branches

29
Q

what have rings of cartilage?

A

trachea and primary bronchi

30
Q

final branch

A

-bronchiole
-does not have cartilage

31
Q

what do tertiary bronchi lead to

A

bronchioles

32
Q

bronchioles

A

-no cartilage becuase they are self supporting
-have smooth muscle for bronchodilation and bronchioconstriction

33
Q

bronchiodilation

A

sympathetic stimulation

34
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

parasympathetic constricion

35
Q

what do the bronchiles terminate as?

A

aveolar sacs

36
Q

what is around aveolus

A

extensive network of capillaries that drop off co2 and take o2
-also have alastic tissue that maintain shape during inhale and exhale

37
Q

aveoli ducts

A

-sqamous cells
-type 1 pneumocytes
-some type 2 scattered
-surfactant prevent aveolar collapse
-macrophages wander to eat things

38
Q

where do pulm artieries transport co2

A

alveolar capillaries
-co2 leaves the capillaries and enters alveolar sacs
-oxy leaves alveolar sacs and enters capillaries then pulm vein to return to heart

39
Q

what separates the pleural cavities

A

mediastinum

40
Q

lung linning

A

serous membrane
-visceral pleura and parietal pleural
-space btwn= pleural cavity

41
Q

visceral pleura

A

outer linning of the heart

42
Q

parietal pleura

A

covers the inside lining of the thoracic wall

43
Q

pleurisy

A

membrane produce too much pleural fluid or the membranes adhere to the thoracic wall= pain

44
Q

pleural effusion

A

build up of fluid in the pleural space

45
Q

muscles involved in breathing

A

-diaphragm
-external intercostals
-internal intercostals

46
Q

diaphragm contraction

A

-lowers and causes inhalation

47
Q

external intercostals

A

elevate the ribs to aid in inhalation

48
Q

internal intercostals

A

depress the ribs to air in exhalation

49
Q

eupnea

A

-quite breathing
-diaphrahm or costal breathing
-prego women costal breath because uterus pushes diaphragm up

50
Q

hypernea

A

forced breathing
-use accesory breathing muscles

51
Q

three nuclei in the pons and meculla the regulate respiratory

A

-respiratory rythmicity center
-apneustic center
-pneumotaxic center
-upper centers (apneutic and pneumotaxic) they have a balance

52
Q

respiratory rythmic center

A

set respiratory pace in medulla

53
Q

apneustic center

A

in the pons, adjust pace, increase inhalation raising rate

54
Q

pneumotaxic cetner

A

in pons, decrease inhalation

55
Q

three breathing reflexes

A

-mechanoreceptor, chemoreceptor and protective

56
Q

mechanoreceptor

A

respond to changes in lung volume or blood pressure

57
Q

chemoreceptor

A

respond to changes in partial pressure of oxy and co2

58
Q

protective

A

respond to physical injury or irritation

59
Q

aging

A

elastic lung tissue deteriorates so lungs can not expand as well, rub movement becomes restricted (arthritis), emphysema hinders breathing
-loose one sq root of respiratory membrane every year past 30

Anatomy (29 decks)

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