chapter 16 part 2 Flashcards
pons
superior to the medulla and has sensory and motor nuclei for cranial nerves 5, 6, 7 and 8
-all abt respiratory rate
apneustic center
increase breathing rate
pneumotaxic center
lowers breathing rate
mesencephalon
-midbrain
-have 2 pairs of nuclei calls corpora quadrigemina
-also has nuclei of the reticular formation that keep you awake
-red nucleus
-substantia nigra
-cerebral peduncles
corpus quadrigemina
process auditory and visual stimuli
-inferioir colliculus = auditory (start baby reflexes)
-superior colliculus= visual
reticular formation
keeps you awake
red nucleus
-part of mesencephalon
-intefreates information btwn the cerebrum and cerebellum
substantia nigra
-regulates motor output of the basal nuclei
-degenerated= parkinsons
cerebral peduncles
-little feet
-have ascending fibers that synapse int he thalamus and descending fibers of the cortiospinal pathway
epithalamus
-roof of the third ventricle
-has the pineal gland
-makes melatonin and regulates day and night cycle
thalamus
-forms wall of third ventricle
-there is a right and left
-thalamic nuclei are egg shaped
hypothalamus
-connected to pituitary by the stalk ON TEST
-forms the floor of the third ventricle
-mane of nuclei
-stalk= infundibulum
-has a mamillary body on the posterior wall
hypothalamus cell bodies/ nuclei
-subconscious control of skeletal muscle
-heart rate, bp, respiration, digestion, secrete antidiuretic and oxytocin
-voluntary function
-normal body temp and circadian rythm
what is responsible for sleep and wake? ON TEST
hypothalamus and pineal gland
ADH
decrease urination
oxytocin
causes more urination and releases milk
Cerebellum
-2 hemispheres, (folds) folia, vermis to separate hemispheres, arbor vitae, cerebella peduncles
Vermis
Separates cerebellum hemispheres
Cerebella cortex
Subconscious movement
Arbor vital
Connect cerebella cortex with peduncles
Cerebella peduncles
Superior: connect cerebellum with mesencephalon and dliencephalon and cerebruim, middle: communication of cerebellum and pons, inferior: connect cerebellum and medulla oblongota
Cerebrum
2 hemispheres several lobes (parietal, frontal, etc.), gyro and sulk, longitudinal fissure, corpus callouss, limbic system
Cerebral hemispheres
-gyri and sulci
-central sulcus
- longitudinal fissure
- cerebral lobes
Cerebral lobes
Frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal
Parietal
Sensations, pain, vibrations
Frontal
Control of skeletal muscle
Precentral gyris ON TEST
-Anterior to central sulcus
- voluntary movement bc control somatic motor neurons in brain stem and cord
Post central gyrus
-posterior to central sulcus
- neurons get somatic sensory information for touch, pain, tastes, temp from dorsal columns and spinothalamic tracts
Left hemisphere
Speech, writing, language, math
Right hemisphere
Touch, spatial visualization and facial recognition
Central white matter bundles
- Association fibers
- commissural fibers
- projection fibers
Association fibers
Tracts that connect areas within a hemisphere (longitudinal fissure)
Commissural fibers
Connect 2 hemispheres (corpus callosum)
Projection fibers
Link cerebrum and lower parts of brain/cord
Basal nuclei
-caudate nucleus, put amen and globes pallidus (swinging arms while walking) and control legs while walking
-claustral: subconscious processing of visual info
-amygdaloid body; limbic system
Limbic system
Between the cerebrum and the diencephalon superior to the corpus callosum
-emotional states
-link conscious with unconscious
-memory storage and retrieval
Limbic system components
-cingulate gyri
-debate gyrus
-parahippocampal gyrus
- hippocampus
Limbic fornix
-tract of white matter connecting hippocampus with the hypothalamus
-extend to mammillary bodies
-mammillary bodies control reflex movement for eating
Cranial nerves
-12 pairs
-on ventrolateral surface of the brain
-numbers being at the anterior aspect of the brain 1 to 12
