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Anatomy > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of external, internal structures, observation of the body and relationship between body parts

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2
Q

physiology

A

study o how the body functions, study of the mechanism of the body (how the structures work)

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3
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

study of the structures that cannot be seen without magnification

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4
Q

cytology (microscopic anatomy)

A

`study of cells

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5
Q

histology (microscopic anatomy)

A

study of tissue

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6
Q

macroscopic anatomy

A

study of structured that can be seen without magnification

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7
Q

surface anatomy

A

superficial anatomy markings

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8
Q

regional anatomy

A

structures in specific area of the body wether superficial or deep

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9
Q

systemic anatomy

A

study of the organ systems of the body

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10
Q

developmental anatomy

A

examine structural changes over time

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11
Q

embryology

A

study of early developmental stages (until 8 weeks, most miscarriages happen at 8 weeks when embryo becomes a fetus)

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12
Q

comparative anatomy

A

considers different tyopes of animals

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13
Q

clinical anatomy

A

focuses on pathological (disease) changes during illness

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14
Q

surgical anatomy

A

studies anatomical landmarks important for surgical procedure

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15
Q

radiographic anatomy

A

the study anatomical structures with the use of x-rays or ultrasound scans on an intact body

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16
Q

cross-sectional anatomy

A

the use of radiographic techniques (CT and MRI) to look at cross sections of the body

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17
Q

levels of organization

A

go from simple to complex (chemical/ molecular, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism)

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18
Q

chemical/ molecular

A

over a dozen elements in the body (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen make up 99% of the body)

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19
Q

major classes of compounds

A

water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

20
Q

cell

A

smallest living unit int eh body

21
Q

tissue

A

many cells and some surrounding material (collection of cells with similar functions or common embryonic origin or they resemble another) come from same stem cells

22
Q

organ

A

combination of tissues (2 or more tissues)

23
Q

organ system

A

combination of various organ make up a specific system (ex: the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreases make up the digestive system) 11 organ systems

24
Q

integumentary systems

A

protection from environmental hazards; temperature control (sweat and oil glands, fingernails, hair)

25
Q

skeletal system

A

support, protection of soft tissue; mineral storage (calcium in the bones); blood formation (bone marrow), ligamet= connect bone to bone, tendon= connects muscle to bone

26
Q

muscular system

A

locomotion, support, heat production (shivering generates heat, muscle contractions)

27
Q

nervous system

A

directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems. (central= brain and spinal cord)

28
Q

endocrine system

A

directing long term changes in the activities of other organ systems (pancrease= insulin) (kidney=vit d)

29
Q

cardiovascular

A

internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients wastes, and gasses (heart, capillary, arteries and veins)

30
Q

lymphoid system

A

defense against infection and disease (fluid that leaves blood vessels and is reabsorbed by the lymphatic system)

31
Q

respiratory sysem

A

delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood (nasal cavity, sinus, larynx, bronchi, lung, diaphragm, trachea, oharynx, lungs)

32
Q

digestive

A

processing of food and absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water (salivary gland, oharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, oancreas, small int, large int, anus, stomach)

33
Q

urinary system

A

eliminates excess salt, water and waste (urinary bladder, kidney, urthr, ureter)

34
Q

reproductive

A

production of sex cells and hormones (male= prostate gland, siminal gland, ductus deferns, urethra, epididymis, testis, penis, scrotum) (female= mammary gland, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina, external genitalia)

35
Q

responsiveness (irritability)

A

change in activity based on a stimulus

36
Q

adaptability

A

long term responsiveness

37
Q

growth

A

increase in size of an organism

38
Q

differentiation

A

becoming specialized to perform particular functions

39
Q

movement

A

ability to change the position of something

40
Q

metabolism

A

all chemical reactions in the body

41
Q

anabolism

A

synthesis of complex molecules

42
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of complex molecules

43
Q

absorption

A

process of bringing chemicals into the body

44
Q

respiration

A

the absorption, transport, and use fo oxygen in cells

45
Q

digestion

A

the process fo catabolism that makes nutrients small enough to be absorbed

Anatomy (29 decks)

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