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Anatomy > chapter 25 part 2 > Flashcards

chapter 25 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

stomach muscles

A

gastric rugae, circular, longitudinal and oblique

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2
Q

stomach mesenteries

A

-greater and lesser omentum

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3
Q

lesser omentum

A

-lesser curvature to the liver (hepatogastric ligament)
-pylorus/ duodenm to liver (hepatoduodenal ligement)

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4
Q

stomach lining structures

A

-mucous surface cells (produce mucus)
-gastric pits (make cells to replace lost stomach cells)
-mucous neck cells (make mucus to lubricate food entering)
-parietal cells (inrinsic factor and hcl)
-cheif cells (pepsinogen turns to pepsin w hcl)
-enteroendocrine cells (make gastrin)

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5
Q

instrinsic factor

A

make it easy to absorb b12 from small intestine to bloodstream during erythropoisis

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6
Q

hcl

A

activates pepsiogen

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7
Q

gastrin

A

hormone that causes parietal and cheif cells to release thier byproducts
-released by g cells when stomach stretches at food ingestion

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8
Q

small intestine

A

20 ft long
-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

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9
Q

duodenum

A

10 inches
-gastric enxzyme from pancreas and bile from the liver and gallbladder

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10
Q

jejunum

A

site of most absorption (middle section)

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11
Q

ileum

A

longest section (last section)

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12
Q

plicae

A

have microvilli whihc each have capillaries
-absorb nutrients from small int. to capillaries

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13
Q

intestinal crypts

A

-at the base of the villi
-where new epithelial cells form
-enteroendocrine cells the make hormones are here too

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14
Q

lacteals

A

in villi and absorb material that cant be by the capillaries (ie large lipid complexes)

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15
Q

secretin

A

-made by s.i.
-causes liver to make bile and pancrea to release buffers to duodenum

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16
Q

cholecystokinin

A

-makes pancreas release digestive enzymes to duodenum to make gallbladder contract and release stores bile into the duodenum

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17
Q

regions of large intestine

A

-cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum

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18
Q

cecum

A

-connects the the ileum
-ileocecal valve controls movement of material from ileum to cecum
-vermiform appendix is on the cecum
-mesoappendix anchors ileum to the cecum

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19
Q

colon regions

A

everything but the cecum

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20
Q

hepatic flexure

A

the bend btwn ascending and transverse

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21
Q

splenic flexure

A

btwn transver and descending

22
Q

sigmoid flexure

A

btwn desceding and sigmoid

23
Q

colon expansion

A

haustra

24
Q

longitudinal large intestine muscles

A

taenia coli
-help peristalsis

25
Q

large intestine serosa

A

has flaps of fat that extend from the intestine
-called omental appendices

26
Q

large instestine histo

A

-no villi on the walls
-goblet cells
iintestinal crypts
-make mucus to lubricate undigested material
-has large lymphoid nodules

27
Q

rectume

A

-last part is the anal canal which has anal columns and ends at the anus

28
Q

accesory digestive organs

A

liver, bladder and pancrease

29
Q

liver

A

-metabolic regulation
-hematological regulation
-bile production

30
Q

metabolic regulation of the liver

A

all blood leaving the digestive tract enters the liver through hepatic portal system
-hepatocytes adjust metabolites before blood enters systemic circulation

31
Q

what is the largest blood reservoir in the body

A

the liver

32
Q

what happens as blood passes through liver

A

-phagocytic cells remove old/ damage erythrocytes
-liver makes plasma proteins for blood clotting

33
Q

bile production

A

-made by liver cells
-stores in gallbladder
-secreted into duodenum when needed
-emulsifies fat in small intestine so that lipase can digest it

34
Q

falciform ligament

A

boundary btwn right and left liver lobes
-inferior portion is the round ligament which is the fetal umbilical vein remains
-attaches liver to diaphragm by spreading (coronary ligament)

35
Q

liver lobules

A

-each is separated by the interlobular septum
-center of each lobule has a vein from the hepatic portal system
-hepatocytes form cellular lines extending from central vein outward

36
Q

sinusoids

A

spaces between the lines of hepatocytes that have capillaries that lead to a cental vein and kupffer cells that are phagocytic liver cells

37
Q

lobule shape

A

each corner there is a branch of hepatic portal vein, bile duct and hepatic artery proper the they all form the hepatic triad

38
Q

what produces bile

A

hepatocytes

39
Q

bile path

A

enters the bile canaliculi and travels to the bile ducts then does to the left and right hepatic ducts and common hepatic duct
-goes through common bile duct to duodenum
-cystic duct to gallbladder fo storage

40
Q

gallbladder regions

A

-fundus, body, neck

41
Q

galbladder and bile

A

-bile enters when the hepatopancreatic sphincter is close
-comes from cystic duct
-water constantly removed from the bile to concentrate it
-CCK cause gallbladder to release the bile

42
Q

release of bile

A

-bile enters cystic duct and common bile duct
-hepatopancreatic sphincter opens and bile enters duodenum of small intestine to emulsify fat

43
Q

pancreas

A

-posterior to stomach
-head, neck, body, tail and duct

44
Q

pancreatic duct

A

deliver secretions from the pancreas to the duodenum through the hepatopancreatic sphincter

45
Q

pancrease lobules

A

-each are acinar cells and pancreatic islets

46
Q

acinar cells

A

make digestive enzymes that go through the pancreatic duc to the small intestine

47
Q

pancreatic islets

A

make hormones that that travel through blood

48
Q

pancreatic enzymes

A

-lipase
-carbohydrases (digest carbs)
-nucleases (digest nucleic acids)
-proteinases (digest protein)

49
Q

pancreatic hormones

A

-insulin, glucagon and somatostatin

50
Q

CCK

A

causes pancreas to release digestive enzymes

51
Q

secretin

A

-cause pancreas to release bufffers for acidic chyme

52
Q

aging

A

less muscle motility
-increase constipation

Anatomy (29 decks)

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