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Anatomy > chapter 21 > Flashcards

chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

two circuits

A

pulmonary and systemic

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2
Q

layers in order

A

fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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3
Q

pericardial sac

A

made of the parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium

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4
Q

walls of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium and endocardium (internal)

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5
Q

myocardium

A

muscle lining
-aerobic respiration
-intercalated discs that connect cardiocytes

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6
Q

epicardium

A

external surface

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7
Q

cardiocytes

A

contract without information from the CNS
-pace cells
-dont need brain

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8
Q

intercalated discs

A

-cell to cell junction
-desmosomes bind two sarcolemma
-discs bind myofibrils of adjecent cells

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9
Q

gap junctions

A

-bind cells to each other
-pores for ion movement
-ion movement allows the sarcomeres to contract as one

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10
Q

elastic sheath

A

wraps each cardiac cell

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11
Q

fibrous sheet

A

wraps each muscle layer
-separate superficial layer with the deep muscle layer
-encircle the base of the pulm trunk and ascending aorta

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12
Q

fibrous skeleton

A

-elastic sheath and fibrous sheet
-stabalize cardiac cells, heart valves, support nerves and vessels in myocardium, distribute contraction force, prevent overexpansion, recoils heart after contraction, isolate atrial cells from ventricular cells

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13
Q

oblique angle

A

heart sits at one
-inferior border= right ventricle
-right border= right atrium
-heart is also rotated slightly left

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14
Q

sternocostal surface

A

formed by the right atrium and right ventricle

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15
Q

posterioir surface

A

left atrium

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16
Q

sulci

A

are on the external structures of the four chambers
-interatrial, coronary, anterioir intercentricular and posterioir interventricular sulcus

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17
Q

interatrial sulcus

A

separate left and right atria

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18
Q

coronary sulcus

A

separate atria and the ventricles

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19
Q

anterioir interventricular sulcus

A

separatest the left and right ventricles

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20
Q

posterioir interventricular sulcus

A

spearates left and right ventricles

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21
Q

l and r atria

A

have walls, superior to the coronary sulcus, have auricles (extensions)

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22
Q

l and r ventricles

A

inferior to coronary sulcus, right ventricles forms diaphragmatic surface

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23
Q

interatrial septums

A

separate interatrial septum

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24
Q

what do the folds of the endocardium form>

A

atrioventricular valves

25
Q

right atrium

A

deoxy from svc, ivc and coronary sinus
-has pectinate muscle and fossa ovalis

26
Q

fossa ovalis

A

fetal remnant of the foramen ovale (atrium)
-let blood flow from right to left atria

27
Q

right ventricle

A

deoxy from right atrium through tricuspid

28
Q

muscles of valves

A

chordeae tendoneae connect to papillary muscles and they prevent valve inversion and backflow

29
Q

right ventricle internal surface

A

-trabeculae carneae
-moderator band
-pulmonary valve

30
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

meaty ridges in the wall the prevent suction during heart beat

31
Q

moderator band

A

ONE IN THE RIGHT VENTRICLE
-muscular bands that come from the interventricular spetum to the ventricular wall
-part of the electrical system
-prevents overexpansion of thin walled right ventricle

32
Q

left atriums

A

oxy blood from the pulm veins through bicuspid valve/ mitral valve

33
Q

left ventricle

A

-thicket walls and highest pressure
-send blood through systemic circuit
-NO moderator bands
-av valve has the chorae tendineae with 2 cusps

34
Q

lung pressure

A

very low (25) which is why right ventricle walls can be so thin

35
Q

av valves

A

-have right connective tissue to connect heart tissue, cusps, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
-open bc of pressure in atria

36
Q

papillary muscles

A

relax

37
Q

ventricular contraction

A

open semilunar valves

38
Q

coronary vessels

A

supply heart with blood and branch of the ascending aorta near its base
-3 major are right coronary artery, left coronary artery and cardiac veins

39
Q

coronary bloodflow

A

blood leaves left ventricle through aortic valves, blood surgest into aortic arch and rebounds backwards as the aortic valve shuts, rebound blood fills the coronary arties to supply walls of heart with oxy

40
Q

right coronary artery

A

passes between the right auricle and pulm trunk

41
Q

widow maker

A

left anterioir descending artery

42
Q

branches of left coronary artery

A

-circumflex branch (form left marginal and posterioir left ventricle)
-anterioir interventricular branch (anterioir to posterioir branches. anastomoses)

43
Q

Where does the great cardiac vein drain?

A

coronary sinus

44
Q

cardiac cycles

A

-periods of relaxation and contraction
-systole= contract
-diastole= relax

45
Q

diastole

A

chamber fills with blood

46
Q

systole

A

blood into ventricles (atrial)
blood into pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta (ventricular)

47
Q

conducting cells

A

-nodal cells and conducting fibers

48
Q

nodal cells

A

pacemaker ells
-estabalish contraction rate
-membranes depolarize

49
Q

conducting fiber

A

-send contractile stimulus to myocardium
-impulse from nodes to muscle

50
Q

sinoatrial/ sa node

A

in posterior wall of right atrium
-determines rate

51
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid rate

52
Q

bradycardia

A

slow rate

53
Q

internodal pathway

A

impulse travels to the av node

54
Q

av node

A

in the floor of the right atriums
-impulse from av node to bundle that will divide into the right and left bundle branches tat wil send the impulse to purkinje fibers then to ventricular myocardium

55
Q

first phase contraction

A

atriole systole not strong enough to open valve

56
Q

heart rate

A

set by pace maker but controlled by sypathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
-autonomic nervous system changes pacemaker activity

57
Q

ne

A

from sympathetic ns and causes increase heart rate and contraction force

58
Q

acch

A

from parasympathetic ns, decreases heart rate and force of contractions

Anatomy (29 decks)

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