Chp. 12 Nervous System Flashcards
What is the function of the Nervous System?
coordinates and controls body functions; receives sensory input, makes decisions, and then orders body responses
What are the structures( and roles of them) of the
nervous system?
Brain: coordinates body functions
Nerves: Transmit messages to and from the central nervous system
Spinal Cord: Transmit messages to and from the brain
How does the nervous system coordinate all activities of the body?
Receives information from both external and internal sensory receptors which goes into the CNS and gets processed. motor messages exit the nervous system carrying commands to muscles and glands to match the needs of the body
What is the Nervous System split into and what is in the two systems?
Central Nervous System: Brain & Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial and Spinal Nerves, ANS, and somatic nerves
What are the two types of nerves in the PNS (has to do with function)?
Sensory nerves: carry the information to the central nervous system
Motor nerves: carry commands away from the central nervous system
What are the two basic types of cells that the Nervous Tissue consists of?
Neurons and Neurologlial cells
What are neurons and what is their function?
Individual nerve cells; capable of conducting electrical impulses in response to a stimulus
What are the 3 basic parts of a neuron?
dendrites, a nerve cell body, and an axon
What are dendrites?
highly branched projections that receive impulses
What is a nerve cell body (soma)?
contains the nucleus and many of the other organelles of the cell
What is an Axon?
projection from the nerve cell body that conducts teh electrical imulse towards its destination
What is a synapse?
the point at which the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of the next neuron
What is a synaptic cleft?
gap between two neurons; electric impulses cannot pass directly across it
What are neurotransmitters?
helps the electric impulses get across the synaptic cleft
What are neuroglial cells?
has a different support function for the neurons such as producing myelin; do not conduct electrical impulses
What is myelin
a fatty substance that acts as insulation for many axons so they conduct electrical impulses faster
What is the function of the CNS?
Receives impulse all over body, process the information, and then respond with action
What are the two types of matter the CNS contains and describe them?
Gray Matter: comprised of unsheathed or uncovered cell bodies and dendrites
White Matter: myelinated nerve fibers
What are nerve tracts?
bundles of nerve fibers interconnecting different parts of the central nervous system
What is the brain the center for?
Thought, memory, judgement, and emotions
How many sections of the brain are there and what are they?
4 : Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, and Brain Stem
What is the function of the cerebrum?
Processes thoughts, judgement, memory, problem solving & language
What are the parts of the cerebrum?
Cerebral cortex, Gyri, Sulci, Cerebral Hemispheres (Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital lobe, and Temporal Lobe)
What is the cerebral cortex?
outer layer of the cerebrum, which is composed of folds of gray matter
What is the Gyri?
elevated portions of the cerebrum
What is the sulci?
gyri are separated by fissures or valleys
What are the cerebral hemispheres?
erebrum is divided into right and left halves; each hemisphere has 4 lobes
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral hemispheres?
Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, and Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
most anterior portion of the cerebrum; controls motor function, personality and speech
Parietal Lobe
Most superior portion of the cerebruml receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and inereprets language
Occipital Lobe
Most posterior portion of the cerebrum; controls vision