Chapter 8: The Digestive System Diagnostic Procedures

Question 1

Alanine transaminase & aspartate transaminase

Answer 1

enzymes in blood→ elevated levels- liver disease

Question 2

Serum Bilirubin

Answer 2

Blood test to determine the amount of waste product bilirubin in the bloodstream. Elevated levels indicate liver disease.

Question 3

Ova and parasites-

Answer 3

lab exam of feces w/ a microscope for parasites & egg

Question 4

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

Answer 4

hemoccult-stool guaiac- lab test on feces to check for small amounts of blood

Question 5

Barium enema

Answer 5

barium (radiopaque dye) injected by enema to get a X-ray of colon & rectum; lower gastrointestinal series

Question 6

Stool culture:

Answer 6

Lab test on feces to check for pathogenic bacteria

Question 7

Cholecystogram

Answer 7

X-ray image of the gallbladder

Question 8

Intravenous cholecystography:

Answer 8

Dye inserted intravenously into the patient for a X-ray of the gallbladder and bile ducts

Question 9

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

Answer 9

Contrast medium is injected directly into the liver to see the bile ducts. Used to detect obstructions such as gallstones in the CBD.

Question 10

Bite-wing X-ray:

Answer 10

X-ray taken with a part of the film holder held between and parallel to the teeth

Question 11

Barium Swallow:

Answer 11

oral barium contrast medium given to the patient and X-ray is taken for the esophagus, stomach and duodenum- UGI

Question 12

Colonoscopy

Answer 12

flexible fiberscope- examines anus, rectum, & colon ( check upper portion of the colon); polyps & small growths can be removed during this procedure

Question 13

Colonoscope

Answer 13

instrument to view the colon

Question 14

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Answer 14

procedure using an endoscope- examine hepatic duct, common bile duct, & pancreatic duct
Endoscope: Mouth-esophagus- stomach- duodenum
Thin Catheter: passed backwards into the ducts → visualize these duct on an X-ray using a contrast dye

Question 15

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy:

Answer 15

fiberoptic endoscope- esophagus, stomach, and beginning of duodenum

Question 16

Gastroscopy and what does it look for

Answer 16

flexible gastroscope- passes through the mouth,esophagus & into the stomach; peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma

Question 17

Gastroscope

Answer 17

: instrument used to view inside the stomach

Question 18

Laparoscopy

Answer 18

Laparoscope- small incision through abdominal wall; checks for tumors and other conditions with a lighted instrument
Peritoneoscopy

Question 19

Laparoscope

Answer 19

instrument used to view inside the stomach

Question 20

Sigmoidoscopy

Answer 20

flexible sigmoidoscope to examine sigmoid colon; diagnose cancer and polyps

Question 21

Sigmoidoscope

Answer 21

instrument used to view inside the sigmoid colon

Question 22

Paracentesis

Answer 22

inserting a needle into the abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid. Tests are done to diagnose diseases conducted on the fluid.