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Med Term > Chapter 7: The Respiratory System Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 7: The Respiratory System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs

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2
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

The cells perform the continuous delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide with the cardiovascular system

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3
Q

What are the 3 processes of respiration?

A

Ventilation, External respiration, and Internal respiration

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4
Q

What is ventilation?

A

the airflow between the outside environment and the lungs

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5
Q

What is external respiration?

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that takes place in the lungs.
Oxygen enters the bloodstream through the air sacs and gets delivered throughout the body
Carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream & enters the air sacs to be exhaled from the body

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6
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at a cellular level
When oxygen leaves the bloodstream to be delivered to the tissues and carbon dioxide enters the bloodstream from the tissues to be transported back to the lungs for disposal

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7
Q

What is inhalation?

A

the flow of air into the lungs
Brings fresh oxygen into the air sacs

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8
Q

What is exhalation?

A

the flow of air out of the lungs
Removes carbon dioxide from the body

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9
Q

What are the nares?

A

Two openings of the nose

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10
Q

What is the nasal septum?

A

Nose is divided by cartilaginous plate

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11
Q

What is palate?

A

roof of the mouth that separates the nasal cavity from the mouth

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12
Q

What is the mucus membrane?

A

the walls of the nasal cavity, the nasal septum and most of the respiratory tract are made up of flexible cartilage covered with it

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13
Q

What is mucus?

A

a sticky fluid secreted by the mucous membrane. Cleans the air by trapping dust and bacteria and moisturizes air while breathing.

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14
Q

What is cilia?

A

small hairs that line the opening to the nose (or the airways) and filter out large dirt particles before they can enter the lungs

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15
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

air-filled cavities that are located in the facial bones and act as an echo chamber during sound production and give resonance to the voice.

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16
Q

What is the function of the capillaries in the mucous membrane?

A

They warm the inhaled air as it passes through the airways

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17
Q

What is the Pharynx?

A

throat
Used by both the respiratory and digestive systems

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18
Q

How do the respiratory system and the digestive system both utilize the pharynx at the same time?

A

Air enters the trachea while foods and liquids are shoved into the esophagus at the end of the pharynx

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19
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A
  1. Nasopharynx (upper)
  2. Oropharynx (middle)
  3. Laryngopharynx (lower)
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20
Q

What are tonsils?

A

there are 3- a collection of lymphatic tissue. Keeps pathogens from entering the body through either the air breathed or food and liquids swallowed- also part of the lymphatic system

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21
Q

What is the tonsil in the nasopharynx called?

A

Adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils

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22
Q

What is the eustachian or auditory tube in the nasopharynx?

A

another end of the tub is in the middle ear. The tube opens to equalize air pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere when you swallow.

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23
Q

What are the tonsils in oropharynx called?

A

Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils

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24
Q

What is the Larynx?

A

The voice box; muscular structure located between the pharynx and the trachea and contains the vocal cords

25
Q

What are the vocal cords?

A

folds of membranous tissue that produce sound by vibrating as air passes through the glottis

26
Q

What is the glottis?

A

an opening between the two vocal cords

27
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

above the glottis and protects food and liquid being inhaled into the lungs by covering the larynx and trachea during swallowing and shunts food and liquid from the pharynx into the esophagus

28
Q

What are the walls of the larynx composed of?

A

several cartilage plates held together with ligaments and muscles

29
Q

What is the thyroid cartilage?

A

Adam’s Apple; generally larger in males than in females and helps to produce the deeper male voice

30
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Windpipe, the passageway for air that extends from the pharynx and larynx to teh main bronchi and assists in cleansing, warming, and moisturizing air as it travels to the lungs

31
Q

What is the Trachea made up of?

A

4 inches in length and is composed of muscle and cartilage rings and is lined by mucous membrane and cilia

32
Q

Describe the structure of the bronchial tubes.

A

End of the trachea branches into the right and left main (primary bronchi)
Bronchus is in the lungs and its branches to repeatedly form the secondary and tertiary bronchi. Branches are formed until the narrowest, bronchioles are formed.

33
Q

What is an alveoli?

A

an air sac at the end of a bronchiole. They are elastic, so they can expand to hold air and can then recoil to their original size

34
Q

What is the respiratory membrane?

A

the tightly closed walls of the alveoli and capillaries

35
Q

What is the role of the bronchial tubes?

A

the exchange of gases between the air within the alveolus and the blood inside the capillaries take place across the respiratory membrane

36
Q

What are the lungs composed of?

A

total collection of the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

37
Q

What is the pleura? What are the parts of it called?

A

a double membrane that protects the lungs
Parietal pleura: lines the wall of the chest cavity
Visceral pleura: (inner membrane) sticks to the surface of the lungs

38
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

pleura membrane creates a sac around each lung

39
Q

What is the serous fluid?

A

slippery, watery fluid between two layers of the pleura that reduces friction when the two layers rub together as the lungs repeatedly expand and contract

40
Q

What are the lobes?

A

divisions. There are 3 in the right lung (right upper lobe, right middle lobe, and right lower lobe), There are two in the left lung (left upper and left lower lobes).

41
Q

What is the apex?

A

pointed superior portion of each lung

42
Q

What is the base?

A

the broader lower area of the lung

43
Q

What is the hilum?

A

a medial border in an area in which entry of structures like the bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, and nerves occur

44
Q

What are the ribs?

A

protect the lungs from puncture and damage

45
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, thymus gland, and trachea

46
Q

Why are lung volumes and capacities important?

A

For medical conditions, you need to measure the volume of air flowing in and out of the lungs to determine the lung capacity.
Measured by respiratory therapists to aid in determining the functioning level of the respiratory system

47
Q

What are pulmonary function tests?

A

lung volumes that are measured to aid in determining the functioning level of the respiratory system

48
Q

How does air move through the lungs?

A

Due to the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure within the chest cavity

49
Q

What is the Diaphragm?

A

the muscle separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity, produces a difference in pressure by contracting and moving downward.

50
Q

How does the diaphragm movement affect the pressure in the thoracic cavity?

A

Increase in thoracic cavity volume= decrease in pressure or negative thoracic pressure within the chest cavity. Air flows into the lungs to equalize pressure

51
Q

What are Intercostal muscles?

A

between the ribs; assist in inhalation by raising the rib cage to further enlarge the thoracic cavity

52
Q

What happens when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax?

A

the thoracic cavity becomes smaller which produces an increase in pressure within the cavity or positive thoracic pressure, and air flows out of the lungs, resulting in exhalation.

53
Q

How does unforced exhalation differ from forceful inhalation and exhalation?

A

Unforced exhalation is passive however a forceful inhalation or exhalation, causes additional chest and neck muscles to become active to create larger changes in thoracic pressure

54
Q

What is a respiratory rate?

A

Measured in breaths per minute. A vital sign along with heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure

55
Q

How is respiratory rate regulated?

A

by the level of Carbon dioxide in the blood

56
Q

What is the relationship between CO2 levels and respiration?

A

High levels of CO2= breathing more rapidly to get rid of carbon dioxide
CO2 Drop= respiratory rate drop

57
Q

What are some instances in which there would be an increase in the respiratory rate?

A

the person is sick, has a brain injury, or is on some medications.

58
Q

What are the structures in which a bronchosope will pass through from the oral cavity to the secondary bronchus of the lung?

A

Oral cavity, Oropharynx, larygngopharynx, larynx, trachea,right Primary bronchus and right secondary bronchus

Med Term (60 decks)

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