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Med Term > Chapter 7- The Respiratory System Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 7- The Respiratory System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Anosmia

A

Lack of the sense of smell

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2
Q

Anoxia

A

Condition of receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air

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3
Q

Aphonia

A

Conditions of being unable to produce sounds

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4
Q

Apnea

A

Not breathing

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5
Q

Asphyxia

A

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; also called asphyxiation or suffocation. Common causes include drowning, foreign bodies in the respiratory tract, poisoning and electric shock

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6
Q

Aspiration

A

Refers to withdrawing fluid from a body cavity using suction. For example, using a long needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from pleural cavity, or using a vacuum pump to remove phlegm from a patient’s airway. Additionally, it refers to inhaling food, liquid, or a foreign object into the airways.

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7
Q

Bradypnea

A

Breathing too slowly; a low respiratory rate

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8
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Dilated Bronchus

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9
Q

Bronchospasm

A

involuntary muscle spasm of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchus

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10
Q

Cheyne- Stokes respiration:

A

Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10-60 seconds) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing. Named for John Cheyne, a Scottish physician, and Sir William Stokes, an Irish surgeon.

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11
Q

Clubbing

A

Abnormal widening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency. Seen in patients with chronic respiratory conditions or circulatory problems.

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12
Q

Crackles

A

Abnormal cracking or bubbling sound made during inspiration. Usually indicated the presence of fluid or mucus in small airways. Also called rales.

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13
Q

Cyanosis

A

Refers to the bluish tint of skin that is receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation.

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14
Q

Dysphonia

A

Condition of having difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds.

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15
Q

Dyspnea

A

Term describing difficult or labored breathing.

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16
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

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17
Q

Hemoptysis

A

to cough up or blood-stained sputum

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18
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Condition of having excessive carbon dioxide in the body.

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19
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Taking deep breaths

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20
Q

Hyperventilations

A

Tachypnea (breathing too fast) and hyperpnea (breathing too deep)

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21
Q

Hypocapnia

A

An insufficient level of carbon dioxide in the body; a very serious problem because it is the presence of carbon dioxide that stimulates respiration, not the absence of oxygen. A person with low carbon dioxide levels would respond with an increased respiratory rate.

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22
Q

Hypopnea

A

Taking shallow breaths

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23
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Bradyapnea (slow breaths) and hypopnea (shallow breaths)

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24
Q

Hypoxemia

A

: Condition of having low oxygen in the blood

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25
Q

Hypoxia

A

Condition of getting low oxygen from the inhaled air

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26
Q

Laryngoplegia

A

paralysis of the muscles of the larynx

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27
Q

Orthopnea

A

dyspnea that worsens when lying down, however, it is easier to breathe when the patient is sitting straight up. It is common with pulmonary disease

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28
Q

Pansinusitis

A

Inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses

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29
Q

Patent

A

Open or unblocked such as a patent airway

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30
Q

Phlegm

A

Thick mucus secreted by the membranes in the respiratory tracts. Checked for color, odor, and consistency and the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

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31
Q

Sputum

A

phlegm coughed up into the mouth

32
Q

Pleural rub:

A

Grating sound made when the two pleural layers rub together when breathing. It occurs during inflammation or another disease condition that causes the wall to become thick. It can be felt through the fingertips or heard through a stethoscope.

33
Q

Pleurodynia

A

Pleural pain

34
Q

Pyothorax

A

Pus in the chest cavity- bacterial infection

35
Q

Rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal cavity

36
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

flow or discharge from the nose; runny nose

37
Q

Rhonchi

A

A musical sound created by spasms of the bronchial tubes during expiration(exhaling) and is found in asthma or infection. Wheezing

38
Q

Shortness of breath

A

Patient is having difficulty breathing; dyspnea. Can be mild SOB after exercise or to SOB that is associated with heart disease

39
Q

Stridor

A

Harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is an obstruction of the bronchus or larynx. Found in conditions like croup for children.

40
Q

Tachypnea

A

Breathing fast; high respiratory rate

41
Q

Thoracalgia

A

Chest pain (not angina pectoris)

42
Q

Tracheostenosis

A

Narrowing of the trachea

43
Q

Diphtheria

A

Bacterial upper respiratory infection; formation of membranous film in the throat and a high mortality rate (makes breathing hard). Rare- DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus) vaccine

44
Q

Pertussis

A

Whooping cough (whoop sound when coughing) Infectious bacterial disease of the upper respiratory system- children receive immunization- DPT shots

45
Q

Rhinomycosis

A

Fungal infection of the nasal cavity

46
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Pulmonary infection caused by the fungus (Histiplasma capsulatum), found in dust and the droppings of pigeons and chickens. Name translation: microscopic appearance of the fungus

47
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Abnormal enlargement of the bronchi; may be the result of lung infection; Irreversible and result in the destruction of bronchial walls
Large amount of purulent sputum, crackles, and hemoptysis

48
Q

Influenza

A

Viral infection- chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue; flu

49
Q

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

A

Acute viral respiratory infection; begins like the flue but then quickly becomes severe dyspnea; high fatality rate. China 2003

50
Q

Legionnaire’s Disease

A

Bacterial infection. Severe or fatal; pneumonia, liver, and kidney damage; happened at an American Legion Convention

51
Q

Tuberculosis (TB):

A

Bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Affects respiratory system- causes inflammation & calcification in the lungs. Increasing and is seen in people with weakened immune systems. Drug-resistant

52
Q

Empyema

A

Pus within the pleural space usually associated with a bacteria infection. Pyothorax

53
Q

Laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

54
Q

Nasopharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the nasal cavity and the pharynx; common cold

55
Q

Pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx; sore throat

56
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of a bronchus

57
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura- sharp chest pain with each breath; pleuritis

58
Q

Croup

A

Acute respiratory condition found in infants and children characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor,

59
Q

Adult respiratory distress syndrome:

A

Acute respiratory failure in adults- tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia. May follow trauma, pneumonia, or septic infections. Acute respiratory distress syndrome

60
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma:

A

Malignant tumor originating in the bronchi. Cigarette smoking

61
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:

A

Progressive, chronic, and irreversible conditions like emphysema. Diminished capacity for inspiration and expiration. Dyspnea upon exertion and cough

62
Q

Cystic fibrosis:

A

Hereditary condition causing the exocrine glands to malfunction. Very thick mucus- severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system. Cysts in the pancreas. Advanced treatment.

63
Q

Atelectasis

A

Condition in which the alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, with no exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Can be caused by many things including pressure on the lung from a tumor or other object.
Failure of a newborn’s lungs to expand

64
Q

Emphysema

A

Pulmonary condition- the destruction of the walls of the alveoli- fewer overexpanded air sacs. Causes: long-term heaving smoking. Air pollution worsens it. The patient may not be able to breathe other than sitting or standing position.

65
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Condition from inhaling environmental particles (that become toxic), coal dust, or asbestos.

66
Q

Anthracosis

A

A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from coal dust in the lung. Black lung or miner’s lung

67
Q

Asbestosis

A

A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs. Can lead to lung cancer.

68
Q

Silicosis

A

Type of pneumoconiosis that forms from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust found in quarrying, glass works, sandblasting, and ceramics

69
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammatory condition of the lung that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and aspirated substances→ filling of the alveoli and air space with fluid

70
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia:

A

Less severe but long-lasting; Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria; walking pneumonia: Name translation inspired by the microscopic appearance of the bacteria

71
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Pneumonia with a nonproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci. Infection that thrives in weakened immune systems- AIDS patients

72
Q

Pulmonary Edema:

A

Contion in which lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid, especially in the alveoli. Results in dyspnea.

73
Q

Pulmonary embolism:

A

Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus. May cause an infarct in the lung tissue.

74
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome:

A

Unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant under 1 year of age. The child stops breathing for an unknown reason.

75
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity preventing the lungs from fully expanding. Physicians can detect the presence of fluid by tapping the chest (percussion) or listening with a stethoscope (auscultation)

76
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, which may result in collapse of the lung

Med Term (60 decks)

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