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Chapter 7- The Respiratory System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Anosmia

A

Lack of the sense of smell

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2
Q

Anoxia

A

Condition of receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air

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3
Q

Aphonia

A

Conditions of being unable to produce sounds

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4
Q

Apnea

A

Not breathing

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5
Q

Asphyxia

A

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; also called asphyxiation or suffocation. Common causes include drowning, foreign bodies in the respiratory tract, poisoning and electric shock

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6
Q

Aspiration

A

Refers to withdrawing fluid from a body cavity using suction. For example, using a long needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from pleural cavity, or using a vacuum pump to remove phlegm from a patient’s airway. Additionally, it refers to inhaling food, liquid, or a foreign object into the airways.

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7
Q

Bradypnea

A

Breathing too slowly; a low respiratory rate

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8
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Dilated Bronchus

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9
Q

Bronchospasm

A

involuntary muscle spasm of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchus

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10
Q

Cheyne- Stokes respiration:

A

Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10-60 seconds) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing. Named for John Cheyne, a Scottish physician, and Sir William Stokes, an Irish surgeon.

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11
Q

Clubbing

A

Abnormal widening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency. Seen in patients with chronic respiratory conditions or circulatory problems.

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12
Q

Crackles

A

Abnormal cracking or bubbling sound made during inspiration. Usually indicated the presence of fluid or mucus in small airways. Also called rales.

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13
Q

Cyanosis

A

Refers to the bluish tint of skin that is receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation.

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14
Q

Dysphonia

A

Condition of having difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds.

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15
Q

Dyspnea

A

Term describing difficult or labored breathing.

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16
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

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17
Q

Hemoptysis

A

to cough up or blood-stained sputum

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18
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Condition of having excessive carbon dioxide in the body.

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19
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Taking deep breaths

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20
Q

Hyperventilations

A

Tachypnea (breathing too fast) and hyperpnea (breathing too deep)

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21
Q

Hypocapnia

A

An insufficient level of carbon dioxide in the body; a very serious problem because it is the presence of carbon dioxide that stimulates respiration, not the absence of oxygen. A person with low carbon dioxide levels would respond with an increased respiratory rate.

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22
Q

Hypopnea

A

Taking shallow breaths

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23
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Bradyapnea (slow breaths) and hypopnea (shallow breaths)

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24
Q

Hypoxemia

A

: Condition of having low oxygen in the blood

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25
Hypoxia
Condition of getting low oxygen from the inhaled air
26
Laryngoplegia
paralysis of the muscles of the larynx
27
Orthopnea
dyspnea that worsens when lying down, however, it is easier to breathe when the patient is sitting straight up. It is common with pulmonary disease
28
Pansinusitis
Inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses
29
Patent
Open or unblocked such as a patent airway
30
Phlegm
Thick mucus secreted by the membranes in the respiratory tracts. Checked for color, odor, and consistency and the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
31
Sputum
phlegm coughed up into the mouth
32
Pleural rub:
Grating sound made when the two pleural layers rub together when breathing. It occurs during inflammation or another disease condition that causes the wall to become thick. It can be felt through the fingertips or heard through a stethoscope.
33
Pleurodynia
Pleural pain
34
Pyothorax
Pus in the chest cavity- bacterial infection
35
Rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal cavity
36
Rhinorrhea
flow or discharge from the nose; runny nose
37
Rhonchi
A musical sound created by spasms of the bronchial tubes during expiration(exhaling) and is found in asthma or infection. Wheezing
38
Shortness of breath
Patient is having difficulty breathing; dyspnea. Can be mild SOB after exercise or to SOB that is associated with heart disease
39
Stridor
Harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is an obstruction of the bronchus or larynx. Found in conditions like croup for children.
40
Tachypnea
Breathing fast; high respiratory rate
41
Thoracalgia
Chest pain (not angina pectoris)
42
Tracheostenosis
Narrowing of the trachea
43
Diphtheria
Bacterial upper respiratory infection; formation of membranous film in the throat and a high mortality rate (makes breathing hard). Rare- DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus) vaccine
44
Pertussis
Whooping cough (whoop sound when coughing) Infectious bacterial disease of the upper respiratory system- children receive immunization- DPT shots
45
Rhinomycosis
Fungal infection of the nasal cavity
46
Histoplasmosis
Pulmonary infection caused by the fungus (Histiplasma capsulatum), found in dust and the droppings of pigeons and chickens. Name translation: microscopic appearance of the fungus
47
Bronchiectasis
Abnormal enlargement of the bronchi; may be the result of lung infection; Irreversible and result in the destruction of bronchial walls Large amount of purulent sputum, crackles, and hemoptysis
48
Influenza
Viral infection- chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue; flu
49
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Acute viral respiratory infection; begins like the flue but then quickly becomes severe dyspnea; high fatality rate. China 2003
50
Legionnaire’s Disease
Bacterial infection. Severe or fatal; pneumonia, liver, and kidney damage; happened at an American Legion Convention
51
Tuberculosis (TB):
Bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Affects respiratory system- causes inflammation & calcification in the lungs. Increasing and is seen in people with weakened immune systems. Drug-resistant
52
Empyema
Pus within the pleural space usually associated with a bacteria infection. Pyothorax
53
Laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
54
Nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of the nasal cavity and the pharynx; common cold
55
Pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx; sore throat
56
Bronchitis
Inflammation of a bronchus
57
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura- sharp chest pain with each breath; pleuritis
58
Croup
Acute respiratory condition found in infants and children characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor,
59
Adult respiratory distress syndrome:
Acute respiratory failure in adults- tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia. May follow trauma, pneumonia, or septic infections. Acute respiratory distress syndrome
60
Bronchogenic carcinoma:
Malignant tumor originating in the bronchi. Cigarette smoking
61
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:
Progressive, chronic, and irreversible conditions like emphysema. Diminished capacity for inspiration and expiration. Dyspnea upon exertion and cough
62
Cystic fibrosis:
Hereditary condition causing the exocrine glands to malfunction. Very thick mucus- severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system. Cysts in the pancreas. Advanced treatment.
63
Atelectasis
Condition in which the alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, with no exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Can be caused by many things including pressure on the lung from a tumor or other object. Failure of a newborn’s lungs to expand
64
Emphysema
Pulmonary condition- the destruction of the walls of the alveoli- fewer overexpanded air sacs. Causes: long-term heaving smoking. Air pollution worsens it. The patient may not be able to breathe other than sitting or standing position.
65
Pneumoconiosis
Condition from inhaling environmental particles (that become toxic), coal dust, or asbestos.
66
Anthracosis
A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from coal dust in the lung. Black lung or miner’s lung
67
Asbestosis
A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs. Can lead to lung cancer.
68
Silicosis
Type of pneumoconiosis that forms from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust found in quarrying, glass works, sandblasting, and ceramics
69
Pneumonia
Inflammatory condition of the lung that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and aspirated substances→ filling of the alveoli and air space with fluid
70
Mycoplasma pneumonia:
Less severe but long-lasting; Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria; walking pneumonia: Name translation inspired by the microscopic appearance of the bacteria
71
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Pneumonia with a nonproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci. Infection that thrives in weakened immune systems- AIDS patients
72
Pulmonary Edema:
Contion in which lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid, especially in the alveoli. Results in dyspnea.
73
Pulmonary embolism:
Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus. May cause an infarct in the lung tissue.
74
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome:
Unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant under 1 year of age. The child stops breathing for an unknown reason.
75
Pleural Effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity preventing the lungs from fully expanding. Physicians can detect the presence of fluid by tapping the chest (percussion) or listening with a stethoscope (auscultation)
76
Pneumothorax
Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, which may result in collapse of the lung

Med Term (60 decks)

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