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Med Term > Chapter 2: Body Arrangement > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Body Arrangement Flashcards

1
Q

How is the body arranged?

A

Body- Systems- Organs- Tissues- Cells

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2
Q

What do cells always contain?

A

Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus

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3
Q

Cell Membrane

A

outermost boundary of the cell; encloses the cytoplasm

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Watery internal environment inside the cell

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5
Q

Cytology

A

study of cells and their functions

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

contains the cell’s DNA

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7
Q

Define Cells

A

Smallest structure of a body that has all the properties of being alive

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8
Q

What are all the properties of being alive?

A

Responding to stimuli
Engaging in metabolic activities
Reproducing itself

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9
Q

What are the functions of cells?

A

reproduction, hormone secretion, energy production, and excretion

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10
Q

What are the specific functions?

A

contraction by muscle cells and electrical impulse transmission by nerve cells

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11
Q

Histology

A

the study of tissues

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12
Q

How are tissues formed?

A

when like cells are grouped together and function together to perform a specific activity

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13
Q

How many types of tissues?

A

4: muscle tissue, epithelial tissues, connective tissue, and nervous tissue

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14
Q

What do muscle tissues do?

A

Produces movement in the body through contraction, or shortening in length

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15
Q

What are the 3 basic types of muscle tissues?

A

skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle

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16
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

found in the heart

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17
Q

Smooth muscle

A

found in internal organs (intestine, uterus, and blood vessels)

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18
Q

Muscle Fibers

A

individual muscle cells

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19
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

attached to bone

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20
Q

What is Epithelial Tissue?

A

Found throughout the body and is composed of close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures.
Specialized to absorb substances (nutrients from the intestines), secrete substances (sweat glands), or excrete waste ( such as the kidney tubules)

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21
Q

Epithelium

A

Epithelial

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22
Q

What are Connective Tissues?

A

Supporting and protecting tissue in body structures
Performs many different functions depending of its location

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23
Q

What is the role of Adipose?

A

provides protective padding around body structure

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24
Q

What is the role of Bone?

A

provides structural support for the body

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25
Q

What is the role of Cartilage?

A

shock absorber in joints

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26
Q

What is the roles of tendons?

A

tightly connect skeletal muscles to bones

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27
Q

What is made up of Nervous Tissue?

A

Brain, Nerves, Neurons, and Spinal Cord

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28
Q

Define organs.

A

Composed of several different types of tissue

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29
Q

Define systems

A

composed of several organs working in a coordinated manner to perform complex functions

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30
Q

What is the medical speciality of the Integumentary System?

A

dermatology

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31
Q

What are the structures of the integumentary system?

A

Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat Glands
Sebaceous Glands

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32
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

Forms protective two-way barrier and aids in temperature regulation

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33
Q

What are the medical specialities in the Musculoskeletal system?

A

Orthopedics
Orthopedic Surgery

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34
Q

What are the structures in the Musculoskeletal System?

A

Bones
Joints
Muscles

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35
Q

What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Skeleton supprts and portects the body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals. Muscles provide movement

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36
Q

What is the medical specialty for the Cardiovascular system?

A

Cardiology

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37
Q

What are the structures in the Cardiovascular system?

A

Heart
Arteries
veins

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38
Q

What are the functions of the Cardiovascular system?

A

Pumps blood through the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes

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39
Q

What is the medical specialty of the blood (hematic system)?

A

Hematology

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40
Q

What are teh structures in the blood (hematic system)?

A

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

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41
Q

What are the functions of the blood (hematic system)?

A

Transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding

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42
Q

What is the medical specialty of the lymphatic system?

A

Immunology

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43
Q

What are the structures of the lympathic system>

A

Lymph nodes
lymphatic vessels
Spleen
Thymus gland
tonsils

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44
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Protects the body from disease and invasion from pathogens

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45
Q

What are the medical specialities of the respiratory system?

A

Otorhinolaryngology
Pulmonology
Thoracic Surgery

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46
Q

What are the structures of the Respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
lungs

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47
Q

What are the functions of the Respiratory System?

A

Obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body

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48
Q

What are the medical specialties of the Digestive or Gastrointestinal System (GI)>

A

Gastroenterology
Proctology

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49
Q

What are the structures in the Digestive system? (10)

A

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Colon
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Salivary glands

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50
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

Ingest, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body

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51
Q

What are the medical specialties of the Urinary System?

A

Nephrology
urology

52
Q

What structures are in the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
urethra

53
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A

Filters waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body

54
Q

What are the medical specialties of the female reprouctive system?

A

Gynecology
Obstetrics

55
Q

What are the structures in the female reproductive system?

A

Ovary
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Vulva
breasts

56
Q

What are the functions of the female reporductive system?

A

Produces egg for reproduction and provides place for growing baby

57
Q

What are the medical specialities in the male reproductive system?

A

urology

58
Q

What are the structures in the male reproductive system? (7)

A

Testes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Penis
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland

59
Q

What are the functions of the male reproductive system?

A

Produces sperm for reproduction

60
Q

What is the medical specialty of the endocrine system>

A

endocrinology

61
Q

What are the structures of the Endocrine system? (9)

A

Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid glands
Parathyroid glands
Thymus glands
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

62
Q

What are the functions of the Endocrine system?

A

Regulates metabolic activities of the body

63
Q

What are the medical specialties of the Nervous system?

A

Neurology
neurosurgery

64
Q

What are the structures of the Nervous system?

A

Brain
Spinal cord
nerves

65
Q

What are the functions of the Nervous System?

A

Receives sensory information and coordinates the body’s response

66
Q

What are the medical specialties of the special senses?

A

Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology

67
Q

What are the sturctures of the Special Senses?

A

Eye
Ear

68
Q

What are the functions of the Special Senses?

A

Visison; Hearing and Balance

69
Q

What are the four examples of cells?

A

White blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, and sperm cell

70
Q

What are the 8 anterior body regions?

A

Cephalic region
Cervical region
Thoracic region
Abdominal region
Pelvic region
Pubic region
Brachial region
Crural region

71
Q

What are the 3 posterior body regions?

A

Gluteal Region
Vertebral Region
Dorsum

72
Q

Anatomical Position:

A

used when describing the positions and relationships of structures in the human body

73
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

arms at the sides of the body, palms of the hands facing forward, legs parallel with the feet, toes pointing forward, and the eyes are looking straight ahead.

74
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

vertical plane; divides into right and left portions; front to back

75
Q

Midsagittal or Median Plane:

A

divides into equal right and left halves

76
Q

Sagittal Section

A

dives into right and left portions (may not be equal)

77
Q

Frontal Plane

A

coronal plane; divides the body into front and back portions; a vertical plane

78
Q

Front or Coronal Sections

A

view provided by a cut along the frontal plane

79
Q

Transverse plane:

A

Horizontal plane; a crosswise plane that runs parallel to the ground; divides into upper and lower positions

80
Q

Transverse section:

A

view provided by a cut along the transverse plane

81
Q

Cross section:

A

view produced by a slide perpendicular to the long axis of a structure

82
Q

Longitudinal section:

A

view produced by a lengthwise slice along the long axis of a structure

83
Q

Cephalic region:

A

the entire head

84
Q

Cervical region:

A

neck; connects the head and the trunk (torso)

85
Q

Thoracic region:

A

chest

86
Q

Brachial region

A

arms

87
Q

Crural region

A

legs

88
Q

Gluteal Region:

A

buttock

89
Q

Dorsum

A

the back

90
Q

Anterior Body Cavities

A

Thoracic Cavity, Pleural Cavity, Pericardial Cavity, Mediastinum Cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

91
Q

What are the Posterior Body Cavities?

A

Cranial Cavity and Spinal Cavity

92
Q

What is in the Ventra Cavities?

A

Thoracic Cavity: Pleural Cavity (lungs); Pericardial cavity (heart); Mediastinum

93
Q

What is in the Pericardial cavity

A

heart

94
Q

What is in the abdominal cavity?

A

Stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder

95
Q

What is in the Pelvic Cavity for males?

A

Parts of the small and large intestine
Ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
prostate, parts of seminal vesicles, vas deferens

96
Q

What is in the Pelvic Cavity for females?

A

Parts of the small and large intestine
Ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
two ovaries, two fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

97
Q

Which intestines are in between abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity?

A

Small Intestine and Large Intestine

98
Q

Which body cavity is kidneys in?

A

Not in any Cavity; retroperitoneal

In the sac formed behind the peritoneum

99
Q

What are some organs that are in multiple cavities?

A

Small intestine, large intestine and heart

100
Q

Accessory organs:

A

pancreas, gall bladder and liver

101
Q

Mediastinum Cavity:

A

thymus, trachea, esophagus, heart and aorta

102
Q

What is Abdominopelvic Cavity?

A

Abdominal Cavity and pelvic Cavity

103
Q

Superior or cephalic:

A

more toward the head, or above another structure

104
Q

Inferior or caudal:

A

More toward the feet or tail, or below another structure

105
Q

Anterior or ventral

A

More toward the front or belly-side of the body

106
Q

Posterior or Dorsal

A

more toward the back or spinal cord side of the body

107
Q

Medial

A

refers to teh middle or near the middle of the body or the structure

108
Q

Lateral

A

refers to the side

109
Q

Proximal

A

located nearer to the point of attachment to the body

110
Q

Distal

A

located farther away from the point of attachment to the body

111
Q

Apex

A

tip or summit of an organ

112
Q

Base

A

bottom or lower part of an organ

113
Q

Superficial

A

More toward teh surface of the body

114
Q

Deep

A

Further away from the surface of the body

115
Q

Supine

A

The body lying horizontally and facing upward

116
Q

Prone

A

The body lying horizontally and facing downward

117
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior

118
Q

CV

A

Cardiovascular

119
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, and throat

120
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

121
Q

OB/GYN

A

Obstetrics and Gynecology

122
Q

Lat

A

lateral

123
Q

LE

A

Lower extremity

124
Q

MS

A

Musculoskeletal

125
Q

PA

A

posterior anterior

126
Q

UE

A

Upper extremity

Med Term (60 decks)

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