Chapter 12: Nervous System (presentation)

Question 1

How many sections does the brain have?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Where is the Cerebrum located and what is its function?

Answer 2

Largest section
Located in the upper portion of the brain
Processes thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language

Question 3

Name the parts of the Cerebrum?

Answer 3

Cerebral Cortex, Gyri, Cerebral Hemispheres, Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, and Temporal Lobe

Question 4

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 4

outer layer: composed of folds of gray matter

Question 5

What is the function of the Gyri?

Answer 5

elevated portions of the cerebrum which are separated by fissures or valleys called sulci

Question 6

Function of the Cerebral Hemispheres?

Answer 6

right and left halves of the cerebrum

Question 7

How many lobes do the cerebral hemisphere have and Name them?

Answer 7

4; frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe

Question 8

Function of the Frontal lobe?

Answer 8

Most anterior portion of cerebrum
Controls motor function, personality and speech

Question 9

Function of the Parietal Lobe?

Answer 9

Most superior portion of cerebrum
Receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language

Question 10

Function of the Occipital Lobe?

Answer 10

Most posterior portion of cerebrum
Controls vision

Question 11

Function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 11

Left and right lateral portion of cerebrum
Controls hearing and smell

Question 12

Where is the Cerebellum located?

Answer 12

Second largest portion of the brain
Located beneath posterior part of cerebrum

Question 13

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

Answer 13

Aids in coordinating voluntary body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium
Refines muscular movement that is initiated by the cerebrum

Question 14

What is the Diecephalon?

Answer 14

Contains two of the most critical areas of the brain: thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 15

What is the Thalamus?

Answer 15

Composed of gray matter
Acts as a center for relaying impulses from eyes, eras and skin to the cerebrum
Controls pain perception

Question 16

What is the Hypothalamus?

Answer 16

Located below the thalamus
Controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, emotions
Responsible for controlling autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, and release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 17

What are the 3 parts of the Brain Stem?

Answer 17

Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata

Question 18

What is the Midbrain?

Answer 18

Acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between brain and spinal cord

Question 19

What is the Pons?

Answer 19

Term meaning bridge
Connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain

Question 20

What is the Medulla Oblongata?

Answer 20

Most inferior positioned portion of the brain
Connects brain to spinal cord
Contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure
This is the site where nerve tracts cross one side of the brain to control functions and movements on the other side of the body (right side of the brain controls left side of body, left part of brain controls the right side of the body)

Question 21

What are the Ventricles and where are they located?

Answer 21

Four interconnected cavities
Located in each cerebral hemisphere, the thalamus, and in front of the cerebellum

Question 22

What do the ventricles contain and describe it?

Answer 22

cerebrospinal fluid: water, clear fluid that provides protection from shock or sudden motion to the brain and spinal cord

Question 23

What is the Spinal Cord?

Answer 23

a column of nervous tissue extending from the medulla oblongata of the brain down to the level of the second lumbar vertebra within the vertebral column
provides a pathway for impulses travelling to and from the brain

Question 24

What is the Spinal cavity/ vertebral canal?

Answer 24

33 vertebrae of the backbone lining up to form a continuous canal for the spinal cord

Question 25

Where does the cerebrospinal fluid flow in the spinal cord?

Answer 25

flows down the center of the spinal cord within the central canal

Question 26

What does the Inner Core of the spinal cord do?

Answer 26

consists of cell bodies and dendrites of peripheral nerves and therefore is gray matter

Question 27

What does the outer portion of spinal cord do?

Answer 27

myelinated white matter. Either ascending tracts carrying sensory information up to brain or descending tracts carrying motor commands down from brain to a peripheral nerve

Question 28

What are Meninges?

Answer 28

three layers of connective tissue membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord Dura Mater, Subdural Space, Arachianoid Layer, Subarachnoid Space, and Pia meter

Question 29

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 29

12

Question 30

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 30

31

Question 31

What is a nerve?

Answer 31

a group/ bundle of axon fibers located outside of the central nervous system that carries messages between the central nervous system and various parts of the body (classficiation of a nerve depends on where it originates)

Question 32

What is the location of the cranial nerves?

Answer 32

rise from the brain (mainly medulla oblongata)

Question 33

What is the location of the spianl nerves?

Answer 33

split off from the spinal cord, 1 pair (left and right) exists between each pair of vertebrae

Question 34

Dura Mater

Answer 34

Meaning” tough mother” Forms tough, fibrous sac around central nervous system

Question 35

Subdural Space

Answer 35

Space between the dura mater and arachnoid layers

Question 36

Arachnoid Layer

Answer 36

Meaning “spiderlike” Thin, delicate layer attached to the pia mater by weblike filaments

Question 37

Subarachnoid space

Answer 37

Space between arachnoid layer and pia mater ‘ Contains cerebrospinal fluid, cushions brain from the outside

Question 38

Pia Mater

Answer 38

Meaning “soft mother” Innermost membrane layer and is applied directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord

Question 39

Nerve Root

Answer 39

point where either type of nerve is attached to the central nervous system Names of most nerves reflect organ the nerve serves or part of the body nerve is traveling through

Question 40

Afferent/ sensory neurons

Answer 40

carry sensory information from a sensory receptor to the central nervous system

Question 41

Efferent/ motor neurons

Answer 41

carry activity instructions from central nervous system to muscles or glands out in the body

Question 42

Ganglion:

Answer 42

nerve cell bodies of the neurons forming the nerve,grouped together in a knot-like mass

Question 43

Olfactory

Answer 43

Transports impulses for sense of smell

Question 44

Optic

Answer 44

Carries impulses for sense of sight

Question 45

Oculomotor

Answer 45

Motor impulses for eye muscle movement and the pupil of the eye

Question 46

Trochlear

Answer 46

Controls superior oblique muscle of eye on each side

Question 47

Trigeminal

Answer 47

Carries sensory facial impulses and controls muscles for chewing; branches into eyes, forehead, upper and lower jaw

Question 48

Abducens

Answer 48

Controls an eyeball muscle to turn eye to side

Question 49

Facial

Answer 49

Controls facial muscles for expression, salivation, and taste on two thirds of tongue (anterior)

Question 50

Vestibulocochlear

Answer 50

Responsible for impulses of equilibrium and hearing, also called auditory nerve

Question 51

Glossopharyngeal

Answer 51

Carries sensory impulses from pharynx (swallowing) snd taste on one-third of tongue

Question 52

Vagus

Answer 52

Supplies most organs in abdominal and thoracic cavities

Question 53

Accessory

Answer 53

Controls the neck and shoulder muscles

Question 54

Hypoglossal

Answer 54

Controls tongue muscles

Question 55

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 55

Involved with control of involuntary are unconscious bodily functions May increase/ decrease activity of the smooth muscle found in viscera and blood vessels, cardiac muscle, and glands Has the Sympathetic branch and the parasympathetic branch

Question 56

Sympathetic branch:

Answer 56

Controls “fight or flight” reaction during times of stress and crisis Increase heart rate, dilate airways, increase blood pressure, inhibit digestion, and stimulate production of adrenaline during crisis

Question 57

Parasympathetic Branch

Answer 57

rest and digest” reaction Cause heart rate to slow down, lower blood pressure, and stimulate digestion

Question 58

Somatic Nerves

Answer 58

Serve the skin and skeletal muscles Mainly involved with the conscious and voluntary activities of the body Sensory receptors in the dermis layer of the skin use these nerves to send their information (touch, temperature, pressure, pain to the brain) Carry motor command to the skeletal muscles