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Med Term > Chapter 12: Nervous System (presentation) > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Nervous System (presentation) Flashcards

1
Q

How many sections does the brain have?

A

4

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2
Q

Where is the Cerebrum located and what is its function?

A

Largest section
Located in the upper portion of the brain
Processes thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language

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3
Q

Name the parts of the Cerebrum?

A

Cerebral Cortex, Gyri, Cerebral Hemispheres, Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, and Temporal Lobe

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4
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

A

outer layer: composed of folds of gray matter

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5
Q

What is the function of the Gyri?

A

elevated portions of the cerebrum which are separated by fissures or valleys called sulci

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6
Q

Function of the Cerebral Hemispheres?

A

right and left halves of the cerebrum

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7
Q

How many lobes do the cerebral hemisphere have and Name them?

A

4; frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe

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8
Q

Function of the Frontal lobe?

A

Most anterior portion of cerebrum
Controls motor function, personality and speech

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9
Q

Function of the Parietal Lobe?

A

Most superior portion of cerebrum
Receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language

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10
Q

Function of the Occipital Lobe?

A

Most posterior portion of cerebrum
Controls vision

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11
Q

Function of the temporal lobe?

A

Left and right lateral portion of cerebrum
Controls hearing and smell

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12
Q

Where is the Cerebellum located?

A

Second largest portion of the brain
Located beneath posterior part of cerebrum

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13
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

A

Aids in coordinating voluntary body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium
Refines muscular movement that is initiated by the cerebrum

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14
Q

What is the Diecephalon?

A

Contains two of the most critical areas of the brain: thalamus and hypothalamus

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15
Q

What is the Thalamus?

A

Composed of gray matter
Acts as a center for relaying impulses from eyes, eras and skin to the cerebrum
Controls pain perception

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16
Q

What is the Hypothalamus?

A

Located below the thalamus
Controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, emotions
Responsible for controlling autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, and release of hormones from the pituitary gland

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17
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Brain Stem?

A

Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata

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18
Q

What is the Midbrain?

A

Acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

What is the Pons?

A

Term meaning bridge
Connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain

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20
Q

What is the Medulla Oblongata?

A

Most inferior positioned portion of the brain
Connects brain to spinal cord
Contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure
This is the site where nerve tracts cross one side of the brain to control functions and movements on the other side of the body (right side of the brain controls left side of body, left part of brain controls the right side of the body)

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21
Q

What are the Ventricles and where are they located?

A

Four interconnected cavities
Located in each cerebral hemisphere, the thalamus, and in front of the cerebellum

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22
Q

What do the ventricles contain and describe it?

A

cerebrospinal fluid: water, clear fluid that provides protection from shock or sudden motion to the brain and spinal cord

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23
Q

What is the Spinal Cord?

A

a column of nervous tissue extending from the medulla oblongata of the brain down to the level of the second lumbar vertebra within the vertebral column
provides a pathway for impulses travelling to and from the brain

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24
Q

What is the Spinal cavity/ vertebral canal?

A

33 vertebrae of the backbone lining up to form a continuous canal for the spinal cord

25
Q

Where does the cerebrospinal fluid flow in the spinal cord?

A

flows down the center of the spinal cord within the central canal

26
Q

What does the Inner Core of the spinal cord do?

A

consists of cell bodies and dendrites of peripheral nerves and therefore is gray matter

27
Q

What does the outer portion of spinal cord do?

A

myelinated white matter. Either ascending tracts carrying sensory information up to brain or descending tracts carrying motor commands down from brain to a peripheral nerve

28
Q

What are Meninges?

A

three layers of connective tissue membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord
Dura Mater, Subdural Space, Arachianoid Layer, Subarachnoid Space, and Pia meter

29
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

30
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

31
Q

What is a nerve?

A

a group/ bundle of axon fibers located outside of the central nervous system that carries messages between the central nervous system and various parts of the body
(classficiation of a nerve depends on where it originates)

32
Q

What is the location of the cranial nerves?

A

rise from the brain (mainly medulla oblongata)

33
Q

What is the location of the spianl nerves?

A

split off from the spinal cord, 1 pair (left and right) exists between each pair of vertebrae

34
Q

Dura Mater

A

Meaning” tough mother”
Forms tough, fibrous sac around central nervous system

35
Q

Subdural Space

A

Space between the dura mater and arachnoid layers

36
Q

Arachnoid Layer

A

Meaning “spiderlike”
Thin, delicate layer attached to the pia mater by weblike filaments

37
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Space between arachnoid layer and pia mater ‘
Contains cerebrospinal fluid, cushions brain from the outside

38
Q

Pia Mater

A

Meaning “soft mother”
Innermost membrane layer and is applied directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord

39
Q

Nerve Root

A

point where either type of nerve is attached to the central nervous system
Names of most nerves reflect organ the nerve serves or part of the body nerve is traveling through

40
Q

Afferent/ sensory neurons

A

carry sensory information from a sensory receptor to the central nervous system

41
Q

Efferent/ motor neurons

A

carry activity instructions from central nervous system to muscles or glands out in the body

42
Q

Ganglion:

A

nerve cell bodies of the neurons forming the nerve,grouped together in a knot-like mass

43
Q

Olfactory

A

Transports impulses for sense of smell

44
Q

Optic

A

Carries impulses for sense of sight

45
Q

Oculomotor

A

Motor impulses for eye muscle movement and the pupil of the eye

46
Q

Trochlear

A

Controls superior oblique muscle of eye on each side

47
Q

Trigeminal

A

Carries sensory facial impulses and controls muscles for chewing; branches into eyes, forehead, upper and lower jaw

48
Q

Abducens

A

Controls an eyeball muscle to turn eye to side

49
Q

Facial

A

Controls facial muscles for expression, salivation, and taste on two thirds of tongue (anterior)

50
Q

Vestibulocochlear

A

Responsible for impulses of equilibrium and hearing, also called auditory nerve

51
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

Carries sensory impulses from pharynx (swallowing) snd taste on one-third of tongue

52
Q

Vagus

A

Supplies most organs in abdominal and thoracic cavities

53
Q

Accessory

A

Controls the neck and shoulder muscles

54
Q

Hypoglossal

A

Controls tongue muscles

55
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Involved with control of involuntary are unconscious bodily functions
May increase/ decrease activity of the smooth muscle found in viscera and blood vessels, cardiac muscle, and glands
Has the Sympathetic branch and the parasympathetic branch

56
Q

Sympathetic branch:

A

Controls “fight or flight” reaction during times of stress and crisis
Increase heart rate, dilate airways, increase blood pressure, inhibit digestion, and stimulate production of adrenaline during crisis

57
Q

Parasympathetic Branch

A

rest and digest” reaction
Cause heart rate to slow down, lower blood pressure, and stimulate digestion

58
Q

Somatic Nerves

A

Serve the skin and skeletal muscles
Mainly involved with the conscious and voluntary activities of the body
Sensory receptors in the dermis layer of the skin use these nerves to send their information (touch, temperature, pressure, pain to the brain)
Carry motor command to the skeletal muscles

Med Term (60 decks)

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