Chapter 5 Heart: Anatomy Flashcards
What are the structures of the Cardiovascular system?
Heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins
What is the function of the CV system?
Distributes oxygen and other nutrients (glucose and amino acids); collects waste products from the body
Where do carbon diozide and other waste products transported?
to the lungs, liver, and kidneys to get rid of
What are the two circulations?
Pulmonary and systemic
What is the pulmonary circulation?
Heart and the lungs
Transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen and back to the heart
Systemic Circulation
Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the other parts of the body
What is the heart?
muscular pump- cardiac muscle fibers
Where is the heart located?
In the mediastinum
What is the tip of the lower edge of the heart?
apex
What are the three layers of the heart deep to superficial?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium- Visceral pericardium & parietal pericardium
What is the endocardium?
it is a smooth and thin inner layer that lines the heart chambers and it reduces friction as blood goes through the chamber
What is the myocardium?
It is a thick, muscular layer and the contraction of this layer creates pressure to pump blood through vessles
What is the epicardium?
It is the outer layer of the heart and it is a pericardium which is a double layered pleural sac that contains the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium and it reduces friction as the heart beats
What is the visceral and parietal pericardium?
Visceral Pericardium: inner layer of the sac
Parietal Pericardium: outer layer of the sac
How many chambers are there of the heart? What are they?
4; Right atria, left atria, left ventricle, right ventricle
How are the atrium and ventricles divided?
interatrial septum and interventicular septum -walls
What are the atria and ventricles?
Atria: receiving chambers of the arriving blood
Ventricles: pumping chambers
Why do ventricles have a thicker myocardium?
Requires more effort to eject blood out of the heart and into the vessels
What are the 4 Heart valves?
Tricuspid valve: (atrioventricular valve) AV,
Pulmonary Valve: Semilunar valve
Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve
Aortic Valve: a semilunar valve
What is the Tricuspid valve: (atrioventricular valve) ?
the gateway between the right atrium and right ventricle. Blood cannot go up from the right ventricle to the atrium
Has three leaflets or cusps
What is the Pulmonary Valve: Semilunar valve?
half moon valve; gateway between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, blood does not come back from the pulmonary valve
What is the Bicuspid (Mitral valve)? AV
two cusps
gateway between the left atrium and left ventricles, blood does not go back into the left atrium
What is the aortic valve semi lunar valve?
between the aorta and left ventricle, blood cannot go back into left ventricle
Describe the blood flow of the heart?
- Deoxygenated blood from all the tissues in the body enters a relaxed right atrium via two large veins called the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.
- The right atrium contracts and blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the relaxed right ventricle.
- The right ventricle then contracts and blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for oxygenation
4.The left atrium received blood returning to the heart after being oxygenated by the lungs. This blood enters the relaxed left atrium from the four pulmonary veins.
5.The left atrium contracts and blood flows through the mitral valve (bicuspid valve) into the relaxed left ventricle.
6.When the left ventricle contracts, the blood is pumped through the aortic valve and into the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The aorta carries blood to all parts of the body.
