Chapter 5 Heart: Anatomy Flashcards
What are the structures of the Cardiovascular system?
Heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins
What is the function of the CV system?
Distributes oxygen and other nutrients (glucose and amino acids); collects waste products from the body
Where do carbon diozide and other waste products transported?
to the lungs, liver, and kidneys to get rid of
What are the two circulations?
Pulmonary and systemic
What is the pulmonary circulation?
Heart and the lungs
Transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen and back to the heart
Systemic Circulation
Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the other parts of the body
What is the heart?
muscular pump- cardiac muscle fibers
Where is the heart located?
In the mediastinum
What is the tip of the lower edge of the heart?
apex
What are the three layers of the heart deep to superficial?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium- Visceral pericardium & parietal pericardium
What is the endocardium?
it is a smooth and thin inner layer that lines the heart chambers and it reduces friction as blood goes through the chamber
What is the myocardium?
It is a thick, muscular layer and the contraction of this layer creates pressure to pump blood through vessles
What is the epicardium?
It is the outer layer of the heart and it is a pericardium which is a double layered pleural sac that contains the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium and it reduces friction as the heart beats
What is the visceral and parietal pericardium?
Visceral Pericardium: inner layer of the sac
Parietal Pericardium: outer layer of the sac
How many chambers are there of the heart? What are they?
4; Right atria, left atria, left ventricle, right ventricle
How are the atrium and ventricles divided?
interatrial septum and interventicular septum -walls
What are the atria and ventricles?
Atria: receiving chambers of the arriving blood
Ventricles: pumping chambers
Why do ventricles have a thicker myocardium?
Requires more effort to eject blood out of the heart and into the vessels
What are the 4 Heart valves?
Tricuspid valve: (atrioventricular valve) AV,
Pulmonary Valve: Semilunar valve
Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve
Aortic Valve: a semilunar valve
What is the Tricuspid valve: (atrioventricular valve) ?
the gateway between the right atrium and right ventricle. Blood cannot go up from the right ventricle to the atrium
Has three leaflets or cusps
What is the Pulmonary Valve: Semilunar valve?
half moon valve; gateway between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, blood does not come back from the pulmonary valve
What is the Bicuspid (Mitral valve)? AV
two cusps
gateway between the left atrium and left ventricles, blood does not go back into the left atrium
What is the aortic valve semi lunar valve?
between the aorta and left ventricle, blood cannot go back into left ventricle
Describe the blood flow of the heart?
- Deoxygenated blood from all the tissues in the body enters a relaxed right atrium via two large veins called the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.
- The right atrium contracts and blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the relaxed right ventricle.
- The right ventricle then contracts and blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for oxygenation
4.The left atrium received blood returning to the heart after being oxygenated by the lungs. This blood enters the relaxed left atrium from the four pulmonary veins.
5.The left atrium contracts and blood flows through the mitral valve (bicuspid valve) into the relaxed left ventricle.
6.When the left ventricle contracts, the blood is pumped through the aortic valve and into the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The aorta carries blood to all parts of the body.
What is diastole and systole?
diastole: relaxation period
systole: contraction period
Describe the pathway of the impulses for the conduction system of the heart?
1.Sinoatrial node or pacemaker: where the electrical impulse begins. From the node a wave of electricity travels through the atria, causing them to contract, or go into systole
2. The atrioventricular is stimulated.
3.This node transfers the stimulation wave to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
4.The electrical sign next travels down the bundle branches within the interventricular septum
5.The Purkinje fibers out in the ventricular myocardium are stimulated, resulting in ventricular systole
What is the lumen?
canal within these vessels through which blood flows
What is an artery?
Large, thick-walled vessels that carry the blood away from the heart.
What are the walls of the artery?
a thick layer of smooth muscles that can contract or relax to change the size of the arterial lumen
what does the Pulmonary artery do
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
What is the Aorta (largest artery)?
begins from the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to all the body systems
Coronary arteries:
branch from the aorta and provide blood to the myocardium
What are the arterioles?
smallest of the arteries deliver blood to the capillaries
What are capillaries
A network of thin-walled tiny blood vessels that ar eknown as a capillary bed and they allow for the diffusion of the oxugen and nurtients from the blood into they body tissues causing arterial blood to come out as venous blood. This process is slow thus the blood flow is slow.
What are veins?
Thinned walls vessels and they carry blood back to the heart and to the lungs tp get oxygenated and they have valves to prevent backflow in. (ex. superior vena cava)
What is blood pressure?
measurement of the force exterted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel
What is ventricular systoled?
blood is under a lot of pressure from the ventricular contraction, giving the highest BP reading- systolic pressure
What is a pulse?
surge of blood caused by the heart contraction
surge of blood caused by the heart contraction
blood is not being pushed by the heart at all and the blood pressure reading drops to its lowest point- diastolic pressure
Describe the process of blood exchange through capillaries.
artery- arterioles-capillary(respiratory membrane)-venule- vein
What are characteristics that affect BP?
Elasticity of the arteries
Diameter of the blood vessles
Vicosity of the blood
Volume of blood flowing through the vessels
Amount of reisstance to blood flow
