Chapter 13: Pathology of the Eye Flashcards
Cycloplegia
Paralysis of the ciliary body: this affects changing the shape of teh lens to bring images into focus
Diplopia
condition of seeing double
Iridoplegia
Paralysis of the iris: this affects changing the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye
Nyctalopia
difficulty seeing in dim light; also called night blindness; due to damaged rods
Papilledema
choked disk: result of increased intraocular pressure; swelling of the optic disk
Photophobia
strong sensitivity to bright light
Presbyopia
vision loss due to old age, resulting in difficulty in focusing for near vision (such as reading)
What is Achromatopsia?
Condition of color blindness- unable to perceive one or more colors; more common in males
Monochromatism
unable to perceive one color
What is Amblyopia?
loss of vision not as a result of eye pathology; usually occurs in patients who see two images (diplopia).
in order to see only one image, the brain will no longer recognize the image being sent to it by one of the eyes.
may occur if strabismus is not corrected; lazy eye
Can Amblyopia be treated with prescription lens?
No
What is Hyperopia?
far sightedness; see things in a distance but not up close
What lenses is required for Hyperopia?
Converging or biconvex lenses
What is Myopia?
See up close but distance is blurred; nearsightedness
What lenses is required for myopia?
Diverging or biconcave lenses
What is legally blind?
Severely impaired vision
20/200; cannot be improved with corrective lenses or having a visual field less than 20 degrees
What is Hemianopia?
Loss of vision in half of the visual field
Stroke patient may suffer
What is Astigmatism?
Condition in which light rays are focused unevenly on the retina,, causing a distorted image, due to an abnormal curvature of the cornea
What is a Cataract?
Damage to the lens causing it to become opaque or cloudy, resulting in diminished vision. Caused by a build up of cataract sugar
Which group of people is at risk for Cataract?
Diabetic people
What is the treatment of Cataract?
usually surgical removal of the lens
What is a Corneal abrasion?
Scraping injury to the cornea
What happens if a corneal abrasion does not heal?
ulcer
What is glaucoma?
Increase in intraocular pressure, which if untreated may result in atrophy (wasting away) of the optic nerve and blindness
What is the treatment of glaucoma?
medication and surgery
What are the risk fators for glaucoma?
60+; African ancestry; sustained serious eye injury; anyone with a family history of diabetes or glaucoma
What is Macula Degeneration?
deterioration of the macular area of the retina of the eye.
How is Macular degeneration treated?
laser surgery to destroy the blood vessels beneath the macula
What is Oculomycosis?
fungus infection of the eye
What is Retinal detachment?
Occurs when the retina becomes separated from the choroid layer
Seriously damages blood vessels and nerves, resulting in blindness
How can Retinal detachment be treated?
urgical or medical procedures to stabilize the retina and prevent separation
What is Retinitis Pigmentosa?
Progressive disease of the eye resulting in the retina becoming hard (sclerosed), pigmented (colored), and atrophying (wasting away). There is no known cure
What is Retinoblastoma?
Malignant eye tumor occurring in children, usually under the age of 3. Requires enucleation
What is Pterygium?
Hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in the inner corner of the eye
What is Hodreolum?
refers to a stye, a small purulent inflammatory infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
How is Hordeoulum treated?
hot compresses and/or surgical incision
What is Esotropia?
Inward turning of the eye
Cross eyed
Strabismus; muscle weakness of eye
lazy lateral rectus
cut medial rectus
What is exotropia?
Outward turning of the eye
Wall eyed
Strabismus: muscular weakness
lazy medial rectus
cut lateral rectus
What is Strabismus?
Eye muscle weakness commonly seen in children resulting in looking in different directions at the same time
How is strabismus corrected?
glasses, eye exercises, and/or surgery
What is Nystagmus?
Jerky-appearing involuntary eye movements, usually left and right
Often of brain injury
What are the 3 types of Glaucoma?
Normal Tension Glaucoma (Idiopathic Glaucoma)
Open Angle Glaucoma
Closed Angle Glaucoma
What is Normal Tension Glaucoma?
there is a disease process affecting the option nerve with normal intraocular pressure
What is Open Angle Glaucoma
no blockage to the canal of schlemm
What is closed angle glaucoma?
There is a blockage to the canal of schlemm
What is Idiopathic glaucoma?
Normal Tension Glaucoma
