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Med Term > Chapter 8: The Digestive System Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 8: The Digestive System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Anorexia

A

General term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions. Also used to refer to anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by severe weight loss from excessive dieting.

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2
Q

Aphagia

A

Being unable to swallow or eat.

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3
Q

Ascites

A

Collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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4
Q

Bradypepsia

A

Having a slow digestive system

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5
Q

Cachexia

A

Loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease

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6
Q

Cholecystalgia

A

Having gallbladder pain

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7
Q

Constipation

A

Experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation

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8
Q

Dentalgia

A

Tooth pain

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9
Q

Diarrhea

A

Passing of frequent, watery or bloody bowel movements. Usually accompanies gastrointestinal (GI) disorders

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10
Q

Dysorexia

A

Abnormal appetite; usually a diminished appetite

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11
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Upset stomach; indigestion

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12
Q

Dysphagia

A

Having difficulty eating or swallowing

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13
Q

Emesis

A

vomiting

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14
Q

Gastralgia

A

Stomach pain

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15
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

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16
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passing bright red blood in the stool

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17
Q

Hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting

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18
Q

Jaundice/ icterus (What is it, what is bilirubin and disorder)

A

excessive bilirubin in blood →bile pigment: yellow skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes
Bilirubin: worn-out red blood cells that are broken down
Disorder: gallstones blocking the common bile duct or carcinoma of the liver

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19
Q

Melena

A

dark tarry stool. Result of digestive enzymes working on blood in the GI tract

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20
Q

Nausea

A

Urge to vomit

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21
Q

Obesity

A

Body weight above healthy level

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22
Q

Morbid obesity:

A

weight interferes with normal activity and body function

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23
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive eating; eating too much

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24
Q

Postprandial

A

After a meal

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25
Pyrosis/heartburn
Pain or burning sensation caused by stomach acid going up into the esophagus
26
Regurgitation
Return of substances from the stomach into the mouth
27
Gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
28
Sialadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
29
Gastritis
stomach inflammation
30
Gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
31
Appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix; may require an appendectomy
32
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the diverticulum-results in the outpouching of the gut, especially the colon. Inflammation happens because of waste in the pouch
33
DIverticulosis
Condition of having diverticula (outpouch of the gut) May lead to diverticulitis
34
Enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
35
Ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel disease:
Chronic inflammatory condition: numerous ulcers on the mucous membrane lining of the colon; unknown cause;
36
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder; commonly caused by gallstones in gallbladder or common bile duct that block the flow of bile
37
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver; usually by a viral infection; Can be caused by sexual contact, exposure to blood or fecally contaminated water or food
38
What are the 5 types of hepatitis?
HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV
39
HAV
handwashing
40
HBV
blood borne
41
HCV
cancer of the liver
42
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
43
Aphthous ulcers:
Painful ulcers in the mouth- unknown cause; canker sores
44
Cleft lip;
Congenital anomaly; upper lip and jaw bone are not connected → hole. Corrected with surgery. See with cleft palate
45
Cleft Palate:
Congenital anomaly; roof of the mouth has a split or fissure. Corrected with surgery
46
Dental Caries:
Gradual decay and disintegration of teeth because of bacteria; abscessed teeth (painful collection of pus- bacterial infection) tooth cavity
47
Herpes Labialis
Infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1; fever blisters or cold sores
48
Periodontal DIsease:
Disease of the supporting structures of the teeth (gums and bone); common cause tooth loss
49
Esophageal Varices:
Enlarged and swollen varicose venus in the lower part of the esophagus. Serious hemorrhage → rupture. Related to liver disease
50
Gastroesophageal reflux disease:
Acid from the stomach backs up into the esopahgus causing inflammation and pain Due to a weak sphincter
51
Pharyngoplegia:
Paralysis of the throat muscles
52
Gastric carcinoma:
Cancerous tumor in the stomach
53
Hiatal Hernia:
Stomach bulging through the diaphragm (diaphragmatocele)& extends into the thoracic cavity; GERD is a common symptom
54
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD):
Ulcer in the lower portion of the esophagus, stomach and/or duodenum caused by the acidic gastric juices. Initially damage caused by Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection to the lining of the stomach.
55
Perforated ulcer:
ulcer extending all the way through the wall of the stomach- requires surgery
56
Anal fistula:
Abnormal passage from the surface near the anal opening directly into the rectum
57
Bowel incontinence:
Inability to control defecation
58
Colorectal carcinoma:
Cancerous tumor originating in the colon or rectum
59
Crohn’s disease/Regional Ileitis:
Form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the ileum and/or colon Autoimmune condition affects all the layers of the bowel wall & results in scarring and thickening of the gut wall
60
Dysentery
Disease with diarrhea, can have mucus or blood, severe abdominal pain, fever and, dehydration. Can occur due to food or water being contaminated by chemicals, bacteria, parasites, and protozoans.
61
Hemorrhoids
Varicose veins in the rectum and anus
62
Ileus (symptoms, causes and treatment)
Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stool, vomiting, & abdominal distention due to intestinal obstruction Blockage from tumor, or failure of bowel movement, or loss of peristalsis May require surgery to reverse the blockage
63
Inguinal hernia:
Hernia or protrusion due to a loop of small intestine into the inguinal (groin) region through a weak spot in the abdominal muscle wall that develops into a hole. Becomes strangled if the muscle tightens around the intestine and cuts off its blood flow
64
Intussusception:
A result when an intestine slips or telescoping into another section of intestine below it. Commonly occurs in children
65
Irritable bowel syndrome /Spastic colon/ functional bowel syndrome (what is it and symptoms)
Disturbance in the function of the digestive system due to an unknown cause. Symptoms: abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity
66
Polyposis
Presence of small tumors, called polyps, containing a stem-like attachment in the mucous membranes of the colon; can be precancerous
67
Proctoptosis
Drooping rectum or anus
68
Volvulus
Condition in which the bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction and requires immediate surgery
69
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones→ may or may not cause symptoms like cholecystalgia
70
Cirrhosis
Chronic disease of the liver- failure of the liver to function properly
71
Hepatoma
Liver tumor
72
HAV
handwashing

Med Term (60 decks)

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