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Med Term > Chapter 8: The Digestive System Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 8: The Digestive System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Anorexia

A

General term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions. Also used to refer to anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by severe weight loss from excessive dieting.

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2
Q

Aphagia

A

Being unable to swallow or eat.

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3
Q

Ascites

A

Collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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4
Q

Bradypepsia

A

Having a slow digestive system

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5
Q

Cachexia

A

Loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease

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6
Q

Cholecystalgia

A

Having gallbladder pain

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7
Q

Constipation

A

Experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation

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8
Q

Dentalgia

A

Tooth pain

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9
Q

Diarrhea

A

Passing of frequent, watery or bloody bowel movements. Usually accompanies gastrointestinal (GI) disorders

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10
Q

Dysorexia

A

Abnormal appetite; usually a diminished appetite

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11
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Upset stomach; indigestion

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12
Q

Dysphagia

A

Having difficulty eating or swallowing

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13
Q

Emesis

A

vomiting

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14
Q

Gastralgia

A

Stomach pain

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15
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

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16
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passing bright red blood in the stool

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17
Q

Hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting

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18
Q

Jaundice/ icterus (What is it, what is bilirubin and disorder)

A

excessive bilirubin in blood →bile pigment: yellow skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes
Bilirubin: worn-out red blood cells that are broken down
Disorder: gallstones blocking the common bile duct or carcinoma of the liver

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19
Q

Melena

A

dark tarry stool. Result of digestive enzymes working on blood in the GI tract

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20
Q

Nausea

A

Urge to vomit

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21
Q

Obesity

A

Body weight above healthy level

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22
Q

Morbid obesity:

A

weight interferes with normal activity and body function

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23
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive eating; eating too much

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24
Q

Postprandial

A

After a meal

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25
Q

Pyrosis/heartburn

A

Pain or burning sensation caused by stomach acid going up into the esophagus

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26
Q

Regurgitation

A

Return of substances from the stomach into the mouth

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27
Q

Gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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28
Q

Sialadenitis

A

inflammation of a salivary gland

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29
Q

Gastritis

A

stomach inflammation

30
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

31
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix; may require an appendectomy

32
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of the diverticulum-results in the outpouching of the gut, especially the colon. Inflammation happens because of waste in the pouch

33
Q

DIverticulosis

A

Condition of having diverticula (outpouch of the gut) May lead to diverticulitis

34
Q

Enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

35
Q

Ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel disease:

A

Chronic inflammatory condition: numerous ulcers on the mucous membrane lining of the colon; unknown cause;

36
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder; commonly caused by gallstones in gallbladder or common bile duct that block the flow of bile

37
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver; usually by a viral infection;
Can be caused by sexual contact, exposure to blood or fecally contaminated water or food

38
Q

What are the 5 types of hepatitis?

A

HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV

39
Q

HAV

A

handwashing

40
Q

HBV

A

blood borne

41
Q

HCV

A

cancer of the liver

42
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

43
Q

Aphthous ulcers:

A

Painful ulcers in the mouth- unknown cause; canker sores

44
Q

Cleft lip;

A

Congenital anomaly; upper lip and jaw bone are not connected → hole. Corrected with surgery. See with cleft palate

45
Q

Cleft Palate:

A

Congenital anomaly; roof of the mouth has a split or fissure. Corrected with surgery

46
Q

Dental Caries:

A

Gradual decay and disintegration of teeth because of bacteria; abscessed teeth (painful collection of pus- bacterial infection) tooth cavity

47
Q

Herpes Labialis

A

Infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1; fever blisters or cold sores

48
Q

Periodontal DIsease:

A

Disease of the supporting structures of the teeth (gums and bone); common cause tooth loss

49
Q

Esophageal Varices:

A

Enlarged and swollen varicose venus in the lower part of the esophagus. Serious hemorrhage → rupture. Related to liver disease

50
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease:

A

Acid from the stomach backs up into the esopahgus causing inflammation and pain
Due to a weak sphincter

51
Q

Pharyngoplegia:

A

Paralysis of the throat muscles

52
Q

Gastric carcinoma:

A

Cancerous tumor in the stomach

53
Q

Hiatal Hernia:

A

Stomach bulging through the diaphragm (diaphragmatocele)& extends into the thoracic cavity; GERD is a common symptom

54
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD):

A

Ulcer in the lower portion of the esophagus, stomach and/or duodenum caused by the acidic gastric juices. Initially damage caused by Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection to the lining of the stomach.

55
Q

Perforated ulcer:

A

ulcer extending all the way through the wall of the stomach- requires surgery

56
Q

Anal fistula:

A

Abnormal passage from the surface near the anal opening directly into the rectum

57
Q

Bowel incontinence:

A

Inability to control defecation

58
Q

Colorectal carcinoma:

A

Cancerous tumor originating in the colon or rectum

59
Q

Crohn’s disease/Regional Ileitis:

A

Form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the ileum and/or colon
Autoimmune condition affects all the layers of the bowel wall & results in scarring and thickening of the gut wall

60
Q

Dysentery

A

Disease with diarrhea, can have mucus or blood, severe abdominal pain, fever and, dehydration. Can occur due to food or water being contaminated by chemicals, bacteria, parasites, and protozoans.

61
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins in the rectum and anus

62
Q

Ileus (symptoms, causes and treatment)

A

Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stool, vomiting, & abdominal distention due to intestinal obstruction
Blockage from tumor, or failure of bowel movement, or loss of peristalsis
May require surgery to reverse the blockage

63
Q

Inguinal hernia:

A

Hernia or protrusion due to a loop of small intestine into the inguinal (groin) region through a weak spot in the abdominal muscle wall that develops into a hole.
Becomes strangled if the muscle tightens around the intestine and cuts off its blood flow

64
Q

Intussusception:

A

A result when an intestine slips or telescoping into another section of intestine below it.
Commonly occurs in children

65
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome /Spastic colon/ functional bowel syndrome (what is it and symptoms)

A

Disturbance in the function of the digestive system due to an unknown cause.
Symptoms: abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity

66
Q

Polyposis

A

Presence of small tumors, called polyps, containing a stem-like attachment in the mucous membranes of the colon; can be precancerous

67
Q

Proctoptosis

A

Drooping rectum or anus

68
Q

Volvulus

A

Condition in which the bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction and requires immediate surgery

69
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones→ may or may not cause symptoms like cholecystalgia

70
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic disease of the liver- failure of the liver to function properly

71
Q

Hepatoma

A

Liver tumor

72
Q

HAV

A

handwashing

Med Term (60 decks)

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