Chapter 12: Procedures

Question 1

What is one example of a clinical laboratory test?

Answer 1

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis:

Question 2

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis:

Answer 2

Laboratory examination of the clear, watery, colorless fluid from within the brain and spinal cord. Infections and the abnormal presence of blood can be detected in this test.

Question 3

What are 6 examples of diganostic imaging?

Answer 3

Brain Scan, Cerebral Angiography, Echoencephalography, Myelogram, Myelography, Positron Emission Tomography

Question 4

Brain Scan:

Answer 4

Image of the brain taken after injection of radioactive isotopes into the circulation

Question 5

Cerebral Angiography:

Answer 5

X-ray of the blood vessels of the brain after the injection of radiopaque dye

Question 6

Echoencephalography:

Answer 6

Recording of the ultrasonic echoes of the brain. Useful in determining abnormal patterns of shifting in the brain.

Question 7

Myelogram:

Answer 7

X-ray record of the spinal cord

Question 8

Myelography:

Answer 8

Injection of radiopaque dye into the spinal canal. An X-ray is then taken to examine the normal and abnormal outlines made by the dye,

Question 9

Positron Emission Tomography:

Answer 9

Image of the brain produced by measuring gamma rays emitted from the brain after injecting glucose tagged with positively charged isotopes, Measurement of glucose uptake by the brain tissue indicates how metabolically active the tissue is.

Question 10

What are 5 Additional Diagnostic Tests?

Answer 10

Babinski Reflex, Electroencephalogram, Electroencephalography, Lumbar Puncture, Nerve Conduction Velocity

Question 11

Babinski Reflex:

Answer 11

Reflex test developed by French neurologist Joseph Babinski to determine lesions and abnormalities in the nervous system. The Babinski reflex is present if the great toe extends instead of flexes when the lateral sole of the foot is stroked. The normal response to this stimulation is flexion of the toe.

Question 12

Electroencephalogram:

Answer 12

Record of the brain’s electrical patterns

Question 13

Electroencephalography:

Answer 13

Recording the electrical activity of the brain by placing electrodes at various positions on the scalp. Also used in sleep studies to determine if there is a normal pattern of activity during sleep

Question 14

Lumbar Puncture:

Answer 14

Puncture with a needle into the lumbar area (usually the fourth intervertebral space) to withdraw fluid for examination and for the injection of anesthesia.
Also called a spinal puncture or a spinal tap.

Question 15

Nerve Conduction Velocity:

Answer 15

Test that measures how fast an impulse travels along a nerve. Can pinpoint an area of nerve damage,

Question 16

What is one Medical Therapeutic Procedure?

Answer 16

Nerve Block

Question 17

Nerve Block

Answer 17

Injection of regional anesthetic to stop the passage of sensory or pain impulses along the nerve path

Question 18

What are 7 Surgical Procedures?

Answer 18

Cartoid Enderectomy, Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts, Laminectomy , Neurectomy, Neuroplasty, Neurorrhaphy, and Tractotomy

Question 19

Carotid Endarterectomy

Answer 19

Surgical procedure for removing an obstruction within the carotid artery, a major artery in the neck that carries oxygenated blood to the brain. Developed to prevent strokes, but is found to be useful only in severe stenosis with transient ischemic attack

Question 20

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts:

Answer 20

Surgical procedure in which a bypass is created to drain cerebrospinal fluid. It is used to treat hydrocephalus by draining the excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and diverting it to the abdominal cavity

Question 21

Laminectomy:

Answer 21

Removal of a portion of a vertebra, called the lamina, in order to relieve pressure on the spinal nerve

Question 22

Neurectomy

Answer 22

surgical removal of a nerve

Question 23

Neuroplasty

Answer 23

Surgical repair of a nerve

Question 24

Neurorrhaphy

Answer 24

To suture a nerve back together. Actually refers to suturing the connective tissue sheath around the nerve

Question 25

Tractotomy

Answer 25

Surgical interruption of a nerve tract in the spinal cord. Used to treat intractable pain or muscle spasms.