Chapter 12: Procedures Flashcards
What is one example of a clinical laboratory test?
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis:
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis:
Laboratory examination of the clear, watery, colorless fluid from within the brain and spinal cord. Infections and the abnormal presence of blood can be detected in this test.
What are 6 examples of diganostic imaging?
Brain Scan, Cerebral Angiography, Echoencephalography, Myelogram, Myelography, Positron Emission Tomography
Brain Scan:
Image of the brain taken after injection of radioactive isotopes into the circulation
Cerebral Angiography:
X-ray of the blood vessels of the brain after the injection of radiopaque dye
Echoencephalography:
Recording of the ultrasonic echoes of the brain. Useful in determining abnormal patterns of shifting in the brain.
Myelogram:
X-ray record of the spinal cord
Myelography:
Injection of radiopaque dye into the spinal canal. An X-ray is then taken to examine the normal and abnormal outlines made by the dye,
Positron Emission Tomography:
Image of the brain produced by measuring gamma rays emitted from the brain after injecting glucose tagged with positively charged isotopes, Measurement of glucose uptake by the brain tissue indicates how metabolically active the tissue is.
What are 5 Additional Diagnostic Tests?
Babinski Reflex, Electroencephalogram, Electroencephalography, Lumbar Puncture, Nerve Conduction Velocity
Babinski Reflex:
Reflex test developed by French neurologist Joseph Babinski to determine lesions and abnormalities in the nervous system. The Babinski reflex is present if the great toe extends instead of flexes when the lateral sole of the foot is stroked. The normal response to this stimulation is flexion of the toe.
Electroencephalogram:
Record of the brain’s electrical patterns
Electroencephalography:
Recording the electrical activity of the brain by placing electrodes at various positions on the scalp. Also used in sleep studies to determine if there is a normal pattern of activity during sleep
Lumbar Puncture:
Puncture with a needle into the lumbar area (usually the fourth intervertebral space) to withdraw fluid for examination and for the injection of anesthesia.
Also called a spinal puncture or a spinal tap.
Nerve Conduction Velocity:
Test that measures how fast an impulse travels along a nerve. Can pinpoint an area of nerve damage,
What is one Medical Therapeutic Procedure?
Nerve Block
Nerve Block
Injection of regional anesthetic to stop the passage of sensory or pain impulses along the nerve path
What are 7 Surgical Procedures?
Cartoid Enderectomy, Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts, Laminectomy , Neurectomy, Neuroplasty, Neurorrhaphy, and Tractotomy
Carotid Endarterectomy
Surgical procedure for removing an obstruction within the carotid artery, a major artery in the neck that carries oxygenated blood to the brain. Developed to prevent strokes, but is found to be useful only in severe stenosis with transient ischemic attack
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts:
Surgical procedure in which a bypass is created to drain cerebrospinal fluid. It is used to treat hydrocephalus by draining the excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and diverting it to the abdominal cavity
Laminectomy:
Removal of a portion of a vertebra, called the lamina, in order to relieve pressure on the spinal nerve
Neurectomy
surgical removal of a nerve
Neuroplasty
Surgical repair of a nerve
Neurorrhaphy
To suture a nerve back together. Actually refers to suturing the connective tissue sheath around the nerve
Tractotomy
Surgical interruption of a nerve tract in the spinal cord. Used to treat intractable pain or muscle spasms.
