chapter 9- cellular respiration and fermentation Flashcards
what is glycolysis
synthesizing chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate
what type of pathway is glycolysis
catabolic
glucose is oxidized to pyruvate and pyruvate is fully oxidized to
CO2
what is oxidative phospholyration
adp and inorganic phosphate binding together (uses energy) to form atp in the presence of O2
what is fermentation and where is it used in human cells
partial degradation of sugars which creates atp in anaerobic conditions
used in muscle cells for when they lack O2
complex organic molecules contain energy in their covalent bonds, which kind
potential
what energy is used to synthesize atp
the one released as a result of electron transfer in chemical reactions
oxidation means what in terms of electrons
substance loses electrons
reduction means what in terms of electrons
substance gains electrons
reduced amount of positive charge
what is a reducing agent and what is an oxidizing agent
reducing: electron donor
oxidizing: electron acceptor
in cellular respiration what happens to glucose vs O2
glucose is oxidized
O2 is reduced
what is the relationship between NADH and NAD+
NADH is the reduced form of NAD+
what is the enzyme that removes an H+
dehydrogenase
what are the three stages of cellular respiration
glycolysis
pyruvate oxidation and kreb cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
how many atp can a cell make per molecule of glucose
up to 32 atps
what is substrate-level phosphorylation
enzyme will bind a substrate containing a phosphate group and an adp creating atp
what are the main stages of glycolysis and characteristics
energy investment phase (5 steps)
energy payoff phase (5 steps)
occurs in cytosol with or without O2
what is the one enzyme to remember in glycolysis
phosphofructokinase (PFK)
in the energy investment phase what is used and gained
1 glucose and 2 atps are used
2 adps and 2 phosphates are gained