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school > lecture 14- protists > Flashcards

lecture 14- protists Flashcards

1
Q

what are protists in the eukarya domain

A

miscellaneous
being reevaluated

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2
Q

protists characteristics

A

motile
asexual and sexual reproduction
aquatic
both autotrophic or heterotrophic
unicellular or multicellular

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3
Q

what is alternation of generation

A

when organisms switch between haploid life stage (sexual) and diploid life stage (asexual)

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4
Q

how do each subgroup of protists feed

A

animal-like: ingestive
fungus-like: absorptive
plant-like: photosynthetic

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5
Q

characteristics of animal-like protists

A

most are single celled
motile (flagella, cilia, pseudopodia)
phagocytosis to feed but exceptions (food vacuole)
no cell wall (some have pellicule)
contractile vacuoles
can be parasitic

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6
Q

amoeba characteristics

A

unicellular
pseudopodia (most are heterotrophic)
contractile vacuole

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7
Q

where are amoebas found

A

soil
freshwater
marine environments

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8
Q

ciliates characteristics

A

heterotrophic (some can be mixotrophs)
cilia for movement
macro and micro nuclei
pellicles

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9
Q

where are ciliates found

A

aquatic ecosystems
wet soil

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10
Q

what is the macronucleus for

A

stores all genetic information for everyday functions
has multiple copies

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11
Q

what is the micronuclei for

A

involved in sexual reproduction (exchange between different strains for genetic diversity

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12
Q

what is the role of a pellicle

A

extra support and protection to the organism

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13
Q

how do animal-like protists consume food

A

heterotrophic
ingest the food through pseudopods or mouth/oral groove
form food vacuoles around it
lysosomes digest the food vacuole

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14
Q

how does the stentors macronucleus compare to the paramecium

A

stentor: subdivided into strings of bead
paramecium: one membrane bound mass of dna

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15
Q

how does the stentor use its cilia

A

creates current to draw in food
can detach from the substrate and swim freely (oval shape)

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16
Q

characteristics of flagellates euglenozoans

A

heterotrophs, photoautotrophs or mixotrophs
pellicle

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17
Q

euglena characteristics

A

pellicle
flagella (1-3)
heterotrophs, mixotrophs
store sugars as paramylon (carb)
eyespot and pigment shield

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18
Q

where are euglena found

A

stagnant pools and ditches
especially when contaminated with manure

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19
Q

characteristics of trypanosoma

A

parasitic
heterotrophic
undulating membrane and flagella
biological vector: tsetse fly

20
Q

symptoms of african sleeping sickness

A

flips your sleep/wake schedule
fevers
weakness
can enter central nervous system and lead to death

21
Q

what are the other animal-like parasites

A

giardia
toxoplasma

22
Q

characteristics of giardia

A

flagella
in mammals intestines
humans are infected by drinking water contaminated with feces containing cysts
campers diarrhea

23
Q

affects of toxoplasma

A

neurological disorders, cancers, personality changes

24
Q

characteristics of fungus-like protists

A

heterotrophic (decomposers)
hyphae as structure
spores for reproduction

25
Q

where are fungus-like protists found

A

soil
water
as parasites on fish and plants

26
Q

why are fungus-like protists similar to fungus

A

convergent evolution

27
Q

what is convergent evolution

A

species being similar because they are in the same environment and not because they share a common ancestor

28
Q

what are oomycetes and their characteristics

A

water molds
cell walls: cellulose-like and glycan
flagella for a part of their life cycle
absorptive feeders

29
Q

characteristics of slime molds

A

phagocytic cells
sometimes have cell wall (plasmodium stage), sometimes have flagella, sometimes pseudopodia
form mass of slime during life cycle

30
Q

what are spores

A

what the organism makes when conditions get harsh (sporangia: spore clusters)
they get dispersed to new habitats

31
Q

characteristics of plant-like protists

A

photosynthetic
both unicellular or multicellular

32
Q

where are plant-like protists found

A

freshwater or marine water

33
Q

what protists are considered green algae

A

desmids, volvox, seaweed

34
Q

characteristics of green algae

A

cellulose cell wall
store excess glucose as starch
used for thickening agent (ice cream, pudding)
nori

35
Q

how did chloroplasts evolve

A

heterotrophic protists acquired a cyanobacterial symbiont which eventually became the chloroplast

36
Q

cell arrangement of desmids, volvox and seaweed

A

desmids: unicellular
volvox: colonial
seaweed: multicellular

37
Q

what are dinoflagellates

A

red algae

38
Q

what are the characteristics of red algae

A

unicellular
phtosynthetic (can be mixotrophs)
flagella
reddish
foundation of food chain for coral reefs

39
Q

why is red algae red

A

chloroplasts have chlorophyl a, c2 and carotenoids

40
Q

what is plankton composed of

A

small floating or weak swimming organisms

41
Q

what are red tides

A

dinoflagellate blooms
toxins are released (neurotoxin that can cause serious neurological affects to organisms that ingest the affected shelfish)

42
Q

what is a zooxanthellae

A

unicellular yellow-brown algae that lives within corals
mutualistic

43
Q

what are the benefits of the coral-zooxanthellae relationship

A

coral: gets food as photosynthetic products
zooxathellae: gets protection, co2 and light
corals are fully dependent on mutualistic algae

44
Q

diatom characteristics

A

unicellular
cell wall of silica
yellow-brown chloroplasts
no flagella or cilia
store excess sugar as oil/petroleum

45
Q

what is the role of phytoplankton and what is it made of

A

primary producers (bottom of food chain)
algae (mainly diatoms) and photosynthetic bacteria

46
Q

main role of zooplankton and what is it made off

A

primary consumers
non-photosynthetic protists

47
Q

role of protists on land

A

decomposing organic matter (slime mold)

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